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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The conformation of liquid-crystalline polymers as revealed by neutron scattering (1985)
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 6 (1985), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1985.030060312
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular order of spacer and main chain in polymeric side-group liquid crystals (1986)
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 7 (1986), S. 777-783 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1986.030071205
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemische Pumpen (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 29 (1995), S. 316-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19950290605
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Für Ihre Dokumentation von Nr. 6/95 Chemie in unserer Zeit (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 29 (1995), S. 350-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19950290613
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vernetzte globuläre Proteine  -  eine neue Klasse halbsynthetischer Makromoleküle: Charakterisierung ihrer Struktur in Lösung am Beispiel hyperpolymeren Hämoglobins und Myoglobins mittels Volumenausschluß-Chromatographie, Viskosimetrie, Osmometrie und LichtstreuungProf. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. G. V. Schulz zum 90. Geburtstag gewidmet (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 197 (1996), S. 1419-1437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Developing an artificial oxygen carrier for use in humans, we polymerize native haemoglobin and myoglobin, using bifunctional, amino group specific cross-linkers, to soluble, so-called hyperpolymers. These polymers, like other polymerized globular proteins, are members of a new class of macromolecues which consist of macromolecular base units. They all have, due to the mechanisms of the chemical reaction, broad distributions of molecular weights. Fractions of hyperpolymers of human haemoglobin were obtained by employing preparative gel-permeation (size-exclusion) chromatography. The calibration curve of analytical gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) for haemoglobin hyperpolymers was determined using mean molecular weights of some fractions, as assessed by osmometric and light scattering measurements. In analogy to native globular proteins, the calibration curve for haemoglobin polymers  -  within the range of molecular weights considered here, and within the experimental accuracy  -  is a straight line. All fractions of haemoglobin polymers were further characterized with the aid of calibrated analytical GPC. Mean non-uniformity was about, 0,6. The dependence of the logarithm of the intrinsic viscosity [η] on the logarithm of the viscosity-average molecular weight Mη of the fractions (the curve in the “structure-in-solution diagram”) also is a straight line, which is true for haemoglobin and for myoglobin polymers as well. Its first derivative is the exponent a of the Mark-Houwink function; for haemoglobin and myoglobin polymers the values are 0,39 and 0,46, respectively. Haemoglobin and myoglobin hyperpolymers, as members of the new class of polymers, both have a characteristic so-called “structure-in-solution diagram”, and a characteristic calibration curve in GPC. The special structure-in-solution of the polymer proteins is a novel molecular superstructure. The intrinsic viscosity for native myoglobin was found to be 3,5 mL/g.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1996.021970420
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and determination of the structure of high-performance polymer blends by small-angle neutron scattering (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications 16 (1995), S. 771-778 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Amorphous blends from a deuterated polyaryletherketone and a polyetherimide have been prepared and investigated by neutron scattering. The used components differ remarkably in their structure and their solution properties. The blends on the other hand are combinatorial mixtures: the scattering quantity φ1φ2/S(q) is independent of the composition of the blends if the polymer chains have the same length.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1995.030161010
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ein neuartiges Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Molmassen Breit verteilter polymerer mit Hilfe der Gelpermeations-Chromatographie und der viskosimetrie am Beispiel Hämoglobin-hyperpolymererHerrn Professor Dr. phil. Dr. h. c. mult. G. V. Schulz zum 90. Geburtstag gewidmet (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 197 (1996), S. 3229-3250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An iterative, approximative procedure is presented, to calibrate the determination of molar masses of polymers with gel-permeation chromatography, additionally using viscometry, and transformations, according to Benoit's concept of universal calibration, even if only polymers with broad molar mass distribution are available. The calculated (intermediate) values of the average molar masses from each step of iteration converge to final values. With at least two fractions of the polymers to be analyzed, and with measured intrinsic viscosities of the fractions, a calibration curve of gel-permeation chromatography and Mark-Houwink's constants can be determined. Assumptions for the use of the calibration procedure are the existence of linear calibration curves for gel-permeation chromatography, constant Mark-Houwink's exponents, and a common universal calibration curve according to Benoit, of the polymers of interest, and of another polymer for comparison. From this second polymer the Mark-Houwink equation must be known (or measurable with acceptable expense), and sufficient uniform fractions for chromatography must be available. In aqueous saline the assumptions are fulfilled by hyperpolymers of human haemoglobin, and by native proteins, as shown in a previous paper. The new procedure was applied to fractions of those hyperpolymers, it was evaluated, and variants of the procedure were compared. The evaluation was done by comparison of the number-and mass-averages of the molar masses of the fractions of haemoglobin hyperpolymers, determined with gel-permeation chromatography calibrated with the new procedure, with the values obtained from osmometry and light scattering. The goodness of the new procedure, especially the power of correction of molar masses, can be demonstrated with the application to fractions of haemoglobin hyperpolymers, it changes with their uniformity. Furthermore, the new procedure shows its efficiency, when three steps of iteration are enough to reach the final values. At last, with a Benoit transformation of the averages of molar masses, obtained by a theoretical consideration within the given marginal conditions, a rectification of the new procedure is given.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1996.021971014
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimenteller nachweis des molekulardispersen charakters der mischung von zwei polymeren und bestimmung des chemischen potentials in diesen mischungenHerrn Prof. Dr. G. V. Schulz zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 1145-1160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: With the aid of small-angle neutron scattering the molecularly disperse character of a clear mixture of two polymers in the absence of a low molecular weight compound is proved in one case and disproved in the other. If the mixture is molecularly disperse the chemical potential and the coil dimensions can be determined. Poly(methyl methacrylate) and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers for certain compositions of the copolymer form molecularly disperse mixtures. They are exothermic, have a negative excess entropy of mixing and the coils are expanded as compared with the unperturbed coil dimensions. The theory of solubility parameters of Hildebrand and Scott enables one to find the miscible system, but the experimental second osmotic virial coefficients differ by an order of magnitude from those which could be estimated from this theory.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe der Neutronenkleinwinkelstreuung wird der molekulardisperse Charakter einer glasklaren Mischung von zwei Polymeren bei Abwesenheit eines niedermolekularen Lösungsmittels in einem Fall nachgewiesen, im anderen widerlegt. Falls eine molekulardisperse Mischung vorliegt, können das chemische Potential und die Knäueldimensionen bestimmt werden. Polymethylmethacrylat und Styrol-Acrylnitril-Copolymere bilden für gewisse Zusammensetzungen des Copolymeren molekulardisperse Mischungen. Sie sind exotherm, besitzen eine negative Exzeßentropie und die Molekülknäuel sind gegenüber den ungestörten Knäueldimensionen expandiert. Die Theorie der Löslichkeitsparameter von Hildebrand und Scott ermöglichte zwar die Auffindung des mischbaren Systems, aber die gemessenen zweiten osmotischen Virialkoeffizienten sind in der Größenordnung verschieden von denen, die nach dieser Theorie vorausberechnet werden können.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1976.021770415
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die bestimmung des chemischen potentials und des expansionskoeffizienten in mischungen von polydimethylsiloxanen unterschiedlichen molekulargewichtsHerrn Professor Dr. G. V. Schulz zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 1137-1143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: If a polymer molecule is solved within a polymer melt of the same chemical nature but of different molecular weight, the solved polymer molecule in general is expanded as compared with the unperturbed statistical coil. The expansion coefficient and the second osmotic virial coefficient depend on the molecular weights of both polymers. The experimental results follow the lattice theory for athermic solutions of polymers.
    Notes: Wird ein Polymermolekül in einer Polymerschmelze von gleicher chemischer Art aber anderem Molekulargewicht gelöst, so ist das gelöste Polymermolekül im allgemeinen relativ zum ungestörten statistischen Knäuel expandiert. Der Expansionskoeffizient und der zweite osmotische Virialkoeffizient hängen von den Molekulargewichten der beiden Polymeren ab. Die experimentellen Befunde werden durch die Gittertheorie für athermische Lösungen von Polymeren richtig beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1976.021770414
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Herstellung, charakterisierung und lösungseigenschaften von einheitlichen styrol-α-methylstyrol block-copolymeren (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 178 (1977), S. 1793-1810 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An improved anionic polymerization technique for the preparation of highly uniform styrene/α-methylstyrene linear two-block copolymers is described. Three sets of samples with molecular weights M were prepared under equal experimental conditions, namely polystyrenes (2 · 105 〈 M 〈 3 · 106), poly(α-methylstyrene)s (7 · 104 〈 M 〈 4 · 106), and block copolymers (2 · 105 〈 M 〈 2,5 · 106). Ultracentrifugation in a density-gradient does not show any chemical heterogeneities in the block copolymers. The molecular polydispersity U = Mw/Mn-1 is U = 0,03 or less as estimated from GPC-measurements. The high molecular and chemical homogeneity of the block copolymers and the optical similarity of the two segment types yield light scattering measurements which give molecular weights Mw, radii of gyration 〈r2〉1/2 and second virial coefficients A2 with almost the same accuracy as in the case of homopolymers. The radii of gyration and the intrinsic viscosities of the block copolymers give no evidence for any “intramolecular phase separation” in the good solvent toluene. The coil conformation corresponds closely to that of the homopolymers.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1977.021780620
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