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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compressed fluid technology: Application to RIE-developed resists (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 1585-1591 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A novel plasma-developed resist lithographic process is described that uses compressed CO2 to extract nonvolatile siloxane molecules from host organic polymers. The process is capable of at least 0.75 μm resolution with an X-ray sensitive guest siloxane-host polymer system. A processing window was investigated and defined to eliminate or minimize film damage during compressed fluid extraction. Polymer deformation was usually avoided by using supercritical CO2 rather than liquid CO2, provided that film thicknesses were ≤1 μm. Increased solute concentrations in the host polymer also adversely affected the quality of extracted films. An in situ capacitance process monitoring scheme was developed which indicated that film damage, when observed, was primarily caused by explosive decompression of the solvent from the host polymer.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690331002
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The tensile strength of elastomersThe work discussed herein was performed as part of the research project sponsored by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Office of Synthetic Rubber, in connection with the Government Synthetic Rubber Program. (1955)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 17 (1955), S. 511-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The tensile strength of decamethylene dismethylazodicarboxylate vulcanizates of GR-S, 50°C. polybutadiene, 5°C. polybutadiene, and natural rubber has been determined as a function of temperature and/or the degree of crosslinking. A theory of tensile strength of amorphous polymers which adequately describes the effect of the degree of crosslinking on strength is proposed. The theoretical expression for the strength of amorphous materials is then modified to include the effect of crystallization. The complete expression for the tensile strength of crystallizable elastomers, which includes amorphous elastomers as a special case, is: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ TS = (K/M)[(M/M_c ) - 1 + 10^{ - 4} Mf_c ](f_c + \{ 1 - f_c \} \omega _0 ) $$\end{document} where ω0 = 1 - (1 + δ2λ3)-1/2, fc = volume fraction crystallinity, M = primary molecular weight, Mc = molecular weight per crosslink in the uncrystallized polymer, λ = extension ratio at break, and δ, K = parameters. The theory is shown to be good for GR-S and semiquantitatively correct for a crystallizable polymer, 5°C. polybutadiene.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1955.120178604
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compatibility in a blend of poly(2,3-dichloro-1-propyl acrylate) and poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate) (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 2001-2013 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The compatibility of mixtures of poly(2,3-dichloro-1-propyl acrylate) and poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate) has been investigated by measurement of the following properties: density, light transmission, glass transition temperature, vapor absorption, and NMR relaxation times. To varying degrees, all results provided evidence supporting the contention that these mixtures are compatible.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260623
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermospray liquid chromatography negative ion mass spectrometry of steroid sulphate conjugates (1985)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 12 (1985), S. 610-615 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermospray negative ion mass spectra of 26 steroid monosulphates, six steroid disulphates and two bile acid sulphates have been recorded. The salt-free aqueous solvent system used gave mass spectra for monosulphates which contained molecular ions only. The mass spectra of the steroid disulphates and bile acid sulphates were more complex and showed a dependence on vaporizer temperature. Selected ion monitoring of molecular ions indicated that as little as 100 pg of these compounds could be detected. A gradient elution high-performance liquid chromatographic system has been developed and applied to the separation of the individual components of a mixture of 12 steroid monosulphates and detection by thermospray liquid chromatography negative ion mass spectrometry.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200121008
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steroid glucronide conjugates: Analysis by thermospray liquid chromatography negative ion mass spectrometry (1986)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 13 (1986), S. 65-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermospray negative ion mass spectra of eighteen steroid monoglucuronide conjugates have been recorded. The salt-free aqueous solvent system used gave mass spectra for glucuronides which contained molecular anions only. Selected ion monitoring indicated that as little as 100 pg of these compounds could be detected. A gradient elution high-performance liquid chromatography system has been developed and applied to separation of the individual components of a mixture of twelve steroid monoglucuronides and detection by thermospray liquid chromatography negative ion mass spectrometry.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200130204
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Block copolymers of amino acids. I. Synthesis and structure of copolymers of L-alanine or L-phenylalanine with D,L-lysine-d7 or D,L-lysine (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 16 (1977), S. 2005-2028 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Water-soluble block copolymers of the type (A)m-(B)n-(A)p, where (A)m,p was either poly(D,L-lysine-α,β,β,γ,γ,δ,δ-d7) or poly(D,L-lysine) and (B)n was either poly(L-alanine) or poly(L-phenylalanine), were synthesized for conformational studies by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Analytical determination of the amount of the initiator fragment (n-hexylamine) at the C-terminus of the copolymers was used to obtain the number-average degrees of polymerization, DPn, and thereby, together with the amino acid composition, to establish the covalent structures of the polymers. The values of DPn were found to be much lower than those deduced from sedimentation equilibrium or form viscosity measurements. These deviations, which also are thought to have arisen in similar studies reported in the literature, are attributable to intermolecular aggregation; the relation of such aggregation to covalent structure (and its effect on the polymerization reaction) is discussed in terms of the conditions and mechanism of synthesis of block copolymers of amino acids.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1977.360160914
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Helix-coil stabilities of L-alanine and L-leucine in mixed organic solvents (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 16 (1977), S. 2565-2568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1977.360161117
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Helix-coil stability constants for amino acids in nonaqueous solvents. Studies of random poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate-co-L-alanine) and poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate-co-L-leucine) in a mixed solvent (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 1435-1458 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The host-guest technique has been applied to the determination of the helix-coil stability constants of two naturally occurring amino acids, L-alanine and L-leucine, in a nonaqueous solvent system. Random copolymers containing L-alanine and L-leucine, respectively, as guest residues and γ-benzyl-L-glutamate as the host residue were synthesized. The polymers were fractionated and characterized for their amino acid content, molecular weight, and helix-coil transition behavior in a dichloroacetic acid (DCA)-1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) mixture. Two types of helix-coil transitions were carried out on the copolymers: solvent-induced transitions in DCA-DCE mixtures at 25°C and thermally induced transitions in a 82:18 (wt %) DCA-DCE mixture. The thermally induced transitions were analyzed by statistical mechanical methods to determine the Zimm-Bragg parameters, σ and s, of the guest residues. The experimental data indicate that, in the nonaqueous solvent, the L-alanine residue stabilizes the α-helical conformation more than the L-leucine residue does. This is in contrast to their behavior in aqueous solution, where the reverse is true. The implications of this finding for the analysis of helical structures in globular proteins are discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1981.360200707
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular and crystal structure of an intercalation complex: Proflavine-cytidylyl-(3′,5′)-guanosine (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 18 (1979), S. 2405-2429 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The high-resolution crystal and molecular structure of a 3:2 complex of proflavine and cytidylyl-(3′,5′)-guanosine is described. The complex exhibits more than one mode of dye binding to the dinucleoside phosphate. One proflavine cation is symmetrically intercalated between the base pairs. The other proflavine cations and ones related by symmetry stack above and below the base pairs and also hydrogen bond externally to the duplex. The conformation of the CpG is most similar to A-RNA with all C(3′)-endo sugar puckering. To allow the base pairs to stretch from the normal 3.4-Å separation to a 6.8-Å separation, the torsion angles φ and χ of the guanosine are increased by about 60° from the values found in RNA. The crystal structure itself contains disordered sulfate anions and is highly solvated, with all but one water molecule involved in a continuous water-sulfate channel.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1979.360181004
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen plasma removal of thin polymer films (1980)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 20 (1980), S. 1087-1092 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Relative rates of polymer removal in an oxygen plasma have been measured for 40 polymer samples. The rates of removal are correlated, with structural factors which enhance or retard removal. Strong backbone bonds, aromatic and polar functional groups, and metallic atoms decrease the removal rates. Weak bonds not attached to the- polymer backbone have little affect while weak bonds attached directly to the chain or in the chain greatly accelerate removal. Chlorine present in the polymer catalyzes removal. This can be mimicked by mixtures of CF4, and O2 for which much enhanced removal rates are observed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760201610
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