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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nicotiana chloroplast genome III. Chloroplast DNA evolution (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 61 (1982), S. 73-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Nicotiana ; Chloroplast DNA ; Restriction fragments ; Deletion ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Nicotiana chloroplast genomes exhibit a high degree of diversity and a general similarity as revealed by restriction enzyme analysis. This property can be measured accurately by restriction enzymes which generate over 20 fragments. However, the restriction enzymes which generate a small number (about 10) of fragments are extremely useful not only in constructing the restriction maps but also in establishing the sequence of ct-DNA evolution. By using a single enzyme, Sma I, a elimination and sequential gain of its recognition sites during the course of ct-DNA evolution is clearly demonstrated. Thus, a sequence of ct-DNA evolution for many Nicotiana species is formulated. The observed changes are all clustered in one region to form a “hot spot” in the circular molecule of ct-DNA. The mechanisms involved for such alterations are mostly point mutations but inversion and deficiency are also indicated. Since there is a close correlation between the ct-DNA evolution and speciation in Nicotiana a high degree of cooperation and coordination betwen organellar and nuclear genomes is evident.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261515
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copper bilirubinate and black pigment gallstone (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 1 (1995), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: A series of copper bilirubinate complexes (CuBR) was synthesized in solution and in solid state to mimic the black color of the black-pigment gallstone and to explore the formation mechanism of the gallstonein vitro. The variation of the copper contents of these samples indicated that CuBR also exhibits nonstoichiometric characteristics from the FTIR study, i.e., both the so-called acid and neutral copper complex moieties exist in CuBR. The NH groups in pyrrole and lactam groups of bilirubin (H2BR) are binding to the copper ions. An EPR study demonstrates the generation of free radicals and the variation of its electronic structure and conjugation system in the skeleton of H2BR molecule during complex formation. A polymer of CuBR may form through the reaction of H2BR with copper ions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bspy.350010209
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A spectroscopic study of pigment gallstones in China (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 3 (1997), S. 371-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: brown pigment stone ; PAGE ; mid-IR spectroscopy ; far IR spectroscopy ; FT-Raman ; bezoar ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Spectroscopic studies of various types of gallstones carried out in China are reviewed. Three basic classes of gallstones are surveyed: cholesterol stones, brown pigment stones, and black pigment stones. The emphasis of this review is on brown gallstones. The primary spectroscopic methods used in the studies surveyed are Fourier transform infrared absorption and Fourier transform Raman scattering. Chemical components studied in gallstones include cholesterol, bile pigments, glycoproteins, proteins, bilirubin metal complexes, and salts of calcium and other metals. Further studies are needed characterize the relationship of these components to more complex features of gallstones. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospectroscopy 3: 371-380, 1997
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A spectroscopic investigation of the formation mechanism of pigment gallstones (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 3 (1997), S. 381-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: black pigment gallstone ; FTIR ; EPR ; nonlinear phenomena ; vibrational mode ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Further spectroscopic studies of gallstones are reviewed with an emphasis on the formation of black pigment gallstones. This type of gallstone appears mainly in Western countries, with only 3% of the cholelithiasis patients in China having black gallstones. Fourier transform infrared absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance are used as spectroscopic probes of gallstones and their metal bilirubinate components. Nonlinear phenomena in gallstone formation were investigated through the appearance of ring structure in gallstones and fractal patterns in the formation in the precipitates of bile salt systems. Although a complete understanding of gallstone formation has not yet been achieved, interesting progress toward this goal has been made recently. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospectroscopy 3: 381-391, 1997
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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