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Observations of the water expulsion vacoule ofPhytophthora palmivora (1989)

Cho, C. W. ; Fuller, M. S.

Springer

Protoplasma 149 (1989), S. 47-56

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ISSN: 1615-6102

Keywords: Phytophthora palmivora ; Water expulsion vacuole ; Coated vesicles ; Freeze substitution

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary The water expulsion vacuole ofPhytophthora palmivora was studied with the light microscope after the motility of the spores had been slowed by using a low Ca2 + medium. For transmission electron microscopy, the zoospores were prepared using freeze substitution. The water expulsion vacuole consisted of a central vacuole that collapsed and emptied its contents to the external medium. The central vacuole was surrounded by a series of interconnected vacuoles that are called the surrounding vacuole. The surrounding vacuole and the central vacuole were always associated with coated pits. The vesicles found in the region between the central and surrounding vacuole were exclusively coated vesicles. Consistent changes in the organization of the water expulsion vacuole led us to conclude that, as the central vacuole collapses, the surrounding vacuole is transformed and becomes the new central vacuole. No evidence was obtained for contraction of the central vacuole. The processes involved in membrane recycling during the functioning of the water expulsion vacuole are discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623982

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Heparinized polyurethanes: In vitro and in vivo studies (1985)

Heyman, P. W. ; Cho, C. S. ; McRea, J. C. ; [et al.]

Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 19 (1985), S. 419-436

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ISSN: 0021-9304

Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Medicine , Technology

Notes: Heparin immobilization chemistry using alkyl spacer arms was adapted to optimize yield on polyurethane (PU) surfaces. The resultant biological activity of immobilized heparin (HI) was examined in vitro and in vivo, and compared with a heparin releasing (HR) system. Immobilized heparin retained its ability to bind and inactivate thrombin and Factor Xa; nonspecific coagulation factor binding was insignificant. Such activity cannot be attributed to the leakage of improperly bound heparin. Immobilized heparin-polurethane catheters implanted in canine femoral and jugular veins for 1 h periods exhibited significant reduction in thrombus formation compared with untreated PU contralateral controls. Polyurethane catheters coated with a 9% heparin dispersion in PU (HR) system provided even greater improvement in antithrombogenicity.

Additional Material: 5 Ill.