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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-injection of barbiturates and benzodiazepines in baboons (1981)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 75 (1981), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Drug self-administration ; Amobarbital ; Pentobarbital ; Secobarbital ; Clonazepam ; Clorazepate ; Diazepam ; Flurazepam ; Medazepam ; Midazolam ; Chlorpromazine ; Cocaine ; Baboons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Self-injection of three barbiturates, six benzodiazepines, and chlorpromazine was examined in baboons. Intravenous injections of drug were dependent upon completion of 160 lever presses (a 160-response fixed-ratio schedule). A 3-h time-out period followed each injection, permitting a maximum of eight injections per day. Prior to testing each dose of drug, self-injection performance was established with cocaine. Subsequently, a test dose was substituted for cocaine. Amobarbital, pentobarbital, and secobarbital maintained the highest levels of self-injection, which were similar to those maintained by cocaine. Clonazepam, clorazepate, diazepam, flurazepam, medazepam, and midazolam maintained relatively modest levels of self-injection, while chlorpromazine maintained only low levels, which were in the range of vehicle control. Of the six benzodiazepines, midazolam produced the highest levels of self-injection. At the highest self-injected doses, the barbiturates produced anesthesia in contrast to the benzodiazepines, which produced only sedation. None of the drugs affected food intake except for chlorpromazine, which produced dose-related decreases. The differences among the drug classes (i.e., barbiturate, benzodiazepine, phenothiazine) with respect to the maintenance of self-injection correspond well with the results of previous animal and human drug self-administration studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432169
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cocaine decreases relative cerebral blood volume in humans: a dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging study (1998)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 138 (1998), S. 76-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Functional MRI ; Cocaine ; Cerebrovascular circulation ; Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cocaine has substantial effects on cerebral hemodynamics which may partly underlie both its euphorigenic and toxic effects. Dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC–MRI) was used to determine whether a dose-effect relationship could be detected between cocaine administration and cerebral blood volume reduction in human brain. Twenty-three healthy and neurologically normal adult males with a history of recreational cocaine use (3–40 lifetime exposures) participated. Subjects underwent DSC-MRI measurements of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) at baseline and 10min after IV double-blind placebo or cocaine (0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg) administration. Placebo administration resulted in superimposable rCBV curves with post-placebo CBV averaging 104 ± 4% (mean ± SE) of baseline, indicating no CBV change. Both cocaine doses induced CBV decreases which were statistically equivalent and post-cocaine CBV averaged 77 ± 4% of baseline (P 〈 0.002), when measured 10 min following drug administration. These data suggest that DSC-MRI can detect cocaine-induced CBV reductions indicative of vasoconstriction, and that it may be useful for evaluating treatments designed to reduce the cerebrovascular effects of cocaine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050647
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phencyclidine-analogue self-injection by the baboon (1984)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 83 (1984), S. 316-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Drug self-administration ; Cocaine ; Phencyclidine ; Ketamine ; PCP analogues ; Baboons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Self-injection of phencyclidine HCl (PCP) and four of its analogues was examined in baboons. IV injections of drug were dependent upon completion of 160 lever presses (a 160-response fixed-ratio schedule). A 3-h time-out period followed each injection, permitting a maximum of eight injections per day. Self-injection performance was first established with cocaine and, once stable, test doses of each drug were substituted for 15 days. All five compounds maintained maximal self-injection performance, differing only in their relative potencies. The order of potency was approximately PCP〉NMPCA=TCPY〉NNBPCA〉ketamine. Analysis of the distribution of injections throughout the day indicate that lower doses (and vehicle) were injected mainly during the daylight hours (i.e., 9 AM–6 PM), but as the dose was increased the injections became more uniformly distributed. Only the highest doses of these compounds affected food intake, though the degree of suppression was modest. No differences between these compounds with respect to their abuse potential could be found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428537
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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