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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systems of protocol review, quality assurance, and data audit (1998)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 42 (1998), S. S88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Key words US National Cancer Institute ; Cooperative groups ; Quality assurance ; Cancer treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The US National Cancer Institute (NCI) is the world’s largest sponsor of clinical trials in cancer treatment and biology, and it is responsible for the reliability of data generated by means of its funding. The cooperative groups supported by the NCI consist of main academic institutions and smaller affiliates of these institutions. The size of these groups, their geographical dispersion, and the number of studies accruing patients at any one time make it a challenge to ensure that all requirements of institutional oversight, patient consent, protocol compliance, and data submission and quality are met. Each cooperative group has established various procedures for quality assurance. These include data coordinators at the data management center of the group, study chairs, and statisticians. In addition, each group has a committee of physician-investigators and clinical research associates who make periodic site visits to all member institutions to audit the on-site medical records of a sample of patients entered at that institution. The study records are compared with the medical records for all aspects of protocol management and data generation. In addition, adherence to requirements for consent-form signing and oversight by an institutional review board is assessed. Deviations from the study requirements are evaluated as being minor or major. A written report of the audit result is provided to both the NCI and the relevant administrative components of the cooperative group. The audit process has uncovered rare instances of scientific improprieties in these NCI-funded clinical trials, but more importantly it has educated investigators and support staff to improve adherence to research and data-collection requirements, which has resulted in greater reliability of study results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002800051087
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal Complexes with Tetrapyrrole Ligands, LXI. Structure and Products of Electrochemical Oxidation of Zirconium(IV) and Hafnium(IV) Bisporphyrinate Double-Deckers (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 107-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Zirconium porphyrins ; Hafnium porphyrins ; Porphyrin double-deckers ; Metal bisporphyrinates ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electrochemical oxidation of zirconium and hafnium double-deckers M(P)2 (M=Zr, Hf; P=OEP, TPP) (Scheme 1)2) leads to mono- and dications which show near infrared absorption bands which are of ≈ 2000 cm-1 higher energy than those of the corresponding cerium double-decker cations. [Zr(OEP)2]X, [Zr(OEP)2]X2, and [Zr(TPP)2]X (X=ClO4- and PF6-) are isolated after electrochemical oxidation and are characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy. Magnetic susceptibility measurements (2 K 〈 T 〈 300 K) of the solids confirm the strong coupling of the electron spins in the diamagnetic dication salt [Zr(OEP)2][ClO4]2. The molecular structure of Zr(OEP)2 is elucidated by an X-ray structural analysis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19921250118
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal Complexes with Tetrapyrrole Ligands, LVIII. Zirconium(IV) and Hafnium(IV) Bisporphyrinate Double Deckers: Synthesis, Spectra, Redox Potentials, and Structure (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1051-1058 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Zirconium porphyrins ; Hafnium porphyrins ; Porphyrin double deckers ; Metal bisporphyrinates ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of new zirconium and hafnium bisporphyrinate double deckers M(P)2 (M=Zr, Hf; P=OEP, TPP)2,3) is described. The complexes are characterized by UV/Vis/NIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. As compared with M=Ce, the redox potentials or the energies of the nearinfrared absorption bands of the corresponding radical cations [M(P)2]+ are lower by ≍ 0.2 V or higher by ≍ 2000 cm-1, respectively, Hence, there is a stronger π-π interaction between the porphyrin ligands as compared with the cerium analogues due to the smaller ionic radii of Zr(IV) and Hf(IV). X-ray crystallography of Zr(TPP)2 confirms the sandwich-like structure of the compound and the close proximity of the porphyrin ligands.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19911240511
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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