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Organization of feedback and feedforward projections of the barrel cortex: a PHA-L study in the mouse (1988)

Welker, E. ; Hoogland, P. V. ; Loos, H.

Springer

Experimental brain research 73 (1988), S. 411-435

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ISSN: 1432-1106

Keywords: Barrel ; Mouse somatosensory system ; Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin ; Cortical efferents ; Trigeminal nuclei

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Summary In order to analyze the organization of the efferent projections of single barrel columns (BC, i.e. a barrel in layer IV of parietal cortex plus the cortical tissue above and below it), we made small iontophoretic injections of the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin in the barrel cortex of 20 adult mice. On the basis of reconstructions of the sites of terminal labelling, the brain regions receiving projections from the barrel cortex could be identified and classified in five groups. Each group is characterized by the topography of the distribution of efferents arising from a single BC. The projections to the trigeminal sensory complex are point to point: i.e. one BC projects only to the site of termination of the primary sensory neurons innervating the corresponding whisker follicle. In the ventrobasal thalamic nucleus BC projections are not restricted to the corresponding barreloid; instead they contact parts of barreloids belonging to one arc. In the reticular and posterior thalamic nuclei the projections from a row of BC's converge to a collective termination site, whereas in the superior colliculus the projections from an arc of BC's converge to a common termination site. There is a complete overlap of BC projections in restricted zones within SII, motor cortex, perirhinal cortex, contralateral barrelfield, caudoputamen and pons. The organization of the efferents from the barrel cortex demonstrates a contrast between feedback and feedforward projections from this important area of neocortex.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248234

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A model system for a fluorometric biosensor using permeabilized Zymomonas mobilis or enzymes with protein confined dinucleotides (1993)

Thordsen, O. ; Lee, S. J. ; Degelau, A. ; [et al.]

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 387-393

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ISSN: 0006-3592

Keywords: biosensor ; glucose ; fructose ; gluconolactone ; sorbitol ; Zymomonas mobilis ; permeabilization ; NADPH ; fluorescence ; bioprocess monitoring ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: Using permeabilized Zymomonas mobilis or glucose-fructose oxidoreductase isolated from this microorganism a model system for biosensors with a protein confined NADP(H) cofactor for the determination of glucose, fructose, gluconolactone, and sorbitol was developed. Either permeabilized microorganisms containing the oxidoreductase or the pure enzyme were confined via membrane separation in a small measuring chamber, that was integrated into a flow injection analysis system (FIA). The measuring principle was the monitoring of the NAD(P)H fluorescence, excited at 360 nm and measured at 450 nm. NADP(H), which is confined in the protein complex, was oxidized or reduced during the enzymatic reactions and the changes in the fluorescence intensity were related to the substrate concentration. The sensitivity of the system covered a range from 0.001 to 100 g/L of the analyte depending on substrate and operating conditions. The applicability of this model system for bioprocess monitoring was proved using samples from a Pseudomonas pseudoflava cultivation. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Additional Material: 13 Ill.