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Digitale Medien

Cigarette withdrawal symptoms in adolescent smokers (1986)

McNeill, Ann D. ; West, Robert J. ; Jarvis, Martin ; [weitere]

Springer

Psychopharmacology 90 (1986), S. 533-536

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ISSN: 1432-2072

Schlagwort(e): Cigarette smoking ; Withdrawal ; Adolescents ; Cotinine

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Medizin

Notizen: Abstract One hundred and sixteen female adolescent smokers were asked about withdrawal symptoms experienced during past attempts to give up smoking for good. Sixty-three percent reported difficulties during abstinence of the kind experienced by adult smokers. Daily smokers were more likely to report withdrawal effects than non-daily smokers (74% versus 47%, P〈0.005). Reported experience of withdrawal symptoms was positively related to self-reports of cigarette consumption and depth of inhalation and nicotine intake as indexed by salivary cotinine concentrations. Reported occurrence of at least one withdrawal effect correlated positively with nicotine intake after controlling for behavioural variables. Our results indicate that teenage smokers are likely to suffer withdrawal symptoms when they try to give up. Behavioural factors and expectations based on observations of adults may have played a part in their experience of withdrawal, but it is also likely that pharmacological factors are implicated even at this early stage.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174074

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Digitale Medien

Photoinitiation of vinyl polymerization by polysilanes (1987)

Wolff, Andrew R ; West, Robert

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Applied Organometallic Chemistry 1 (1987), S. 7-14

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ISSN: 0268-2605

Schlagwort(e): Polysilanes ; photoinitiation ; polymerisation ; vinyl monomers ; thin films ; photolysis ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Polysilanes were found to photoinitiate the polymerization of a variety of vinyl monomers including methyl methacrylate, styrene, ethyl acrylate and acrylic acid. Polymerization initiated by polysilane photolysis is rather insensitive to oxygen inhibition, which may make it especially suitable for polymerization of thin films. The initiation efficiency of poly(phenylmethylsilylene) in styrene was determined from dilatometry data to be 1 × 10-3. This rather low efficiency is counterbalanced by the very high extinction coefficient of polysilane polymers, ca. 4-8 × 103 per silicon atom. Possible reasons for the low initiation efficiency and reduced oxygen inhibition of polysilane photoinitiators are discussed.

Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.