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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning and expression of a Nostoc sp. leucine biosynthetic gene in Escherichia coli (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 145 (1986), S. 315-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; DNA restriction and cloning ; Gene fusions ; Leucine biosynthesis ; Mutant complementation ; Nostoc ; Transcription
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genomic DNA extracted from the symbiotically-competent, heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. strain 7801 was resistant to cleavage by a number of restriction endonucleases. A cosmid library of Nostoc DNA was prepared and maintained in the modification-limited Escherichia coli strain HB101. Analysis of cloned Nostoc DNA fragments indicated infrequent occurrence of restriction endonuclease recognition sites in the Nostoc genome. The Nostoc genomic library was screened for sequences complementing mutations in the E. coli leucine and proline biosynthetic operons. Two cosmids complementing leuB were isolated but none for leuA, leuC, leuD, or proA were detected in 1000 cosmids. A 3.0 kb fragment subcloned from one of the cosmids complemented mutations in leuB when inserted into the HindIII site of pBR322 in either orientation, demonstrating that transcription of leuB originated within the cloned fragment. The cloned fragment also carries a second site capable of initiating transcription of fused antibiotic resistance genes. While transcription of Nostoc DNA sequences did occur in E. coli, unknown barriers must also exist that prevented additional biological complementation of specific E. coli mutations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00470864
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of Anacystis nidulans R2 mutants affected in nitrate assimilation: Establishment of two new mutant types (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 213 (1988), S. 223-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Nitrate reductase mutants ; Nitrite reductase mutants ; Regulatory mutants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Eighteen mutant strains of the unicellular cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans R2 that are unable to assimilate nitrate have been isolated after transposon Tn901 mutagenesis. Characterization of phenotypes and transformation tests have allowed the distinction of five different mutant types. The mutants exhibiting a nitrate reductase-less phenotype were identified as being affected in previously defined loci, as they could be transformed to the wild type by one of the plasmids pNR12, pNR63 or pNR193, which contain cloned genes of A. nidulans R2 involved in nitrate reduction. The mutations in strains FM2 and FM16 appear to affect two other genes involved in nitrate assimilation. Strain FM2 apparently bears a single mutation which results in both lack of nitrite reductase activity and loss of ammonium-promoted repression of nitrate reductase synthesis. FM16 has a low but significant level of nitrate reductase that is also freed from repression by ammonium, and an increased level of nitrite reductase activity. FM16 exhibited properties which indicate that this mutant strain might also be affected in the transport of nitrate into the cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00339585
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased sensitivity of the non-human primate eye to microwave radiation following ophthalmic drug pretreatment (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 13 (1992), S. 379-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: microwaves ; glaucoma drugs ; primates ; corneal endothelium ; iris ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Previous studies in our laboratory have established that pulsed microwaves at 2.45 GHz and 10 mW/cm2 are associated with production of corneal endothelial lesions and with disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier in the non-human primate eye. In the study reported here we examined ocular damage in monkeys (M. mulatta and M. fascicularis) following topical treatment with one of two ophthalmic drugs (timolol maleate and pilocarpine) that preceded exposure to pulsed microwaves. Anesthetized monkeys were sham exposed or exposed to pulsed, 2.45 GHz microwaves (10 μs, 100 pps) at average power densities of 0.2, 1, 5, 10, or 15 mW/cm2 4 h a day for 3 consecutive days (respective SARs were 0.052, 0.26, 1.3, 2.6, and 3.9 W/kg). Immediately before microwave exposure, one or both eyes were treated topically with one drop of 0.5% timolol maleate or of 2% pilocarpine. Following administration of a drug, we observed a significant reduction in the power-density threshold (from 10 to 1 mW/cm2) for induction of corneal endothelial lesions and for increased vascular permeability of the iris. Diagnostic procedures (in vivo specular microscopy and fluorescein iris angiography) were performed following each exposure protocol. In addition, increased vascular permeability was confirmed with horseradish peroxidase tracer techniques. Although we did not measure intraocular temperatures in experimental animals, the results suggest that a mechanism other than significant heating of the eye is involved. Our data indicate that pulsed microwaves at an average SAR of 0.26 W/kg, if administered after pretreatment with ophthalmic drugs, can produce significant ocular effects in the anesthetized primate. 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250130505
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of membrane fluidity in melanin-containing cells by low-level microwave radiation (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 13 (1992), S. 131-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: microwaves ; cell membrane ; order ; melanin ; oxygen radicals ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The treatment of a B16 melanoma cell line with 2.45-GHz pulsed microwaves (10 mW/cm2, 10-μs pulses at 100 pps, 1-h exposure; SAR, 0.2 W/kg) resulted in changes of membrane ordering as measured by EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) reporter techniques. The changes reflected a shift from a more fluid-like phase to a more solid (ordered) state of the cell membrane. Exposure of artificially prepared liposomes that were reconstituted with melanin produced similar results. In contrast, neither B16 melanoma cells treated with 5-Bromo-2-Deoxyuridine (3 μg/day × 7 days) to render them amelanotic, nor liposomes prepared without melanin, exhibited the microwave-facilitated increase of ordering. Inhibition of the ordering was achieved by the use of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which strongly implicates oxygen radicals as a cause of the membrane changes. The data indicate that a significant, specific alteration of cell-membrane ordering followed microwave exposure. This alteration was unique to melanotic membranes and was due, at least in part, to the generation of oxygen radicals. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250130207
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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