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Endoscopic sclerosis of the cardia affects gastroesophageal reflux (1989)

Donahue, Philip E. ; Carvalho, Paulo ; Yoshida, Junichi ; [et al.]

Springer

Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 3 (1989), S. 11-12

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ISSN: 1432-2218

Keywords: Endoscopic sclerosis ; Cardia ; Human gastroesophageal reflux ; Lower esophageal sphincter

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Summary Gastroesophageal reflux disease remains a disorder of unknown etiology associated with abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and other physiological co-factors of the pathologic reflux. Effective operations for reflux are designed to reinforce the anti-reflux barrier and alter the tendency towards abnormal reflux. We have postulated that the most important component of these procedures is the prevention of distraction of the lowermost components of the LES at the onset of a potential reflux episode. Distraction of the LES causes shortening of the effective sphincter mechanism and can initiate experimental reflux events. In this study we used endoscopic sclerosis of the submucosal space at the cardia as a means of reducing distraction of the cardia in the hope that this would reduce abnormal reflux events. Canine gastroesophageal reflux was induced by intravenous atropine and monitored by continuous esophageal pH monitoring. Sclerosis of the cardia prevented gastroesophageal reflux, without measurable effect on the LES pressure or length. Endoscopic sclerosis of the cardia may be a useful technique in the control of human gastroesophageal reflux.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00591308

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Automatic matrix determination in four dye fluorescence-based DNA sequencing (1996)

Yin, Zhongbin ; Severin, Jessica ; Giddings, Michael C. ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Electrophoresis 17 (1996), S. 1143-1150

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ISSN: 0173-0835

Keywords: DNA sequencing ; Matrix ; Algorithm ; Multicomponent analysis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: The four dye fluorescence detection strategy is a widely used approach to automated DNA sequence analysis. An important aspect of data processing in this approach is the multicomponent analysis to deduce the concentrations of four fluorophores from fluorescence emission intensities at four different wave-lengths. This requires knowledge of the correct transformation matrix M. The matrix M is a function both of the fluorophores employed and the fluorescence detection system. M is typically determined either by a calibration process with individual dyes, or by choosing four well-separated individual peaks corresponding to the four different dyes. Both are time-consuming and complicated procedures for routine use. An automatic scheme for finding M directly from raw sequence data is presented here. This facilitates data analysis and the underlying algorithm may also find utility in other multispectral applications.

Additional Material: 6 Ill.