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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential tolerance to dietary amino acid-induced changes in aggressive behavior and locomotor activity in mice (1979)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 66 (1979), S. 301-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Precursor amino acids ; Diet supplements ; Aggressive behavior ; Motor activity ; Norepinephrine ; Dopamine ; Serotonin ; Tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Male albino mice were maintained on a semisynthetic 12% casein protein diet for 2 weeks, then switched to diets modified by the addition of a 4% L-amino acid supplement (L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine, and L-tryptophan) or 4% casein (control). Territorial-induced aggressive behavior increased following 1 week on the amino acid supplements, especially after tyrosine, but an apparent tolerance developed to these effects after 5 weeks on the amino acid supplements. Locomotor activity also increased following 1 week on the supplements, most notably after phenylalanine alone or in combination with tyrosine, and these effects tended to persist after 5 weeks on the supplements. Endogenous whole brain levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan showed no tolerance to increased concentrations of brain catecholamines and indoleamines over the 5-week period, and no clear relation between the concentrations of these monoamines and the behavioral changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428324
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulatory aspects of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 91 (1992), S. 489-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Regulation ; Synthesis ; Release ; Dopamine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the urethane-anesthetized rat, electrical stimulation (10 Hz, 30 s, 250 μA) of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB), at 20-min intervals over an 8-h period, combined with intracerebral microdialysis in the striatum caused: an undiminished increase in the release of dopamine (DA) with each stimulation episode; a decreased efflux of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DO-PAC) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid (HVA) after the first stimulation only; a delayed increased efflux of DOPAC with no change in HVA; and a poststimulation depression of firing of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (before, 3.1±0.7 Hz; after, 1.9±1.0 Hz; P〈0.05). After the last stimulation episode, the release of DA declined to prestimulation values, while the increased efflux of DOPAC persisted for three more hours. After the infusion of tetrodotoxin (4.0×10-7 M, 1.5 μl, 1.0 μl/min) into the MFB, the basal release of DA was reduced (P〈0.05), while the efflux of DOPAC and HVA was increased (P〈0.05). A model is proposed suggesting that: (1) during increased release of DA in the striatum, the metabolism of DA is decreased; (2) inhibition of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons is the usual cause of increased synthesis and metabolism of DA in the striatum; and (3) increased release of DA, and increased synthesis and metabolism of DA in the striatum are not causally linked and are noncoupled processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227845
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depletion of brain serotonin following intra-raphe injections (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 146 (1999), S. 185-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Serotonin ; Dopamine ; 5 ; 7-Dihydroxytryptamine ; Amphetamine ; Self-administration ; Reinforcement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objectives: These experiments investigated the effects of selective serotonin (5-HT) depletion on intravenous self-administration of d-amphetamine. Methods: Depletion of brain 5-HT levels was induced by injecting the serotonergic neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) into the dorsal and median raphe nuclei. Rats were then trained to self-administer d-amphetamine according to various schedule and access conditions via chronically indwelling intravenous catheters. Results: Large reductions of brain 5-HT did not alter responding for a training dose of 120 µg/kg d-amphetamine delivered according to a fixed ratio 1 schedule during 3-h sessions. When the dose of d-amphetamine was altered (0, 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 µg/kg per infusion) a characteristic inverted U-shaped dose response function was obtained. The 5-HT depleted rats showed increased responding for the lower doses of d-amphetamine, with a large significant increase in responding for the 7.5 µg/kg dose. In these same rats, the suppressive effect of 10 mg/kg fluoxetine on d-amphetamine (60 µg/kg) self-administration was prevented. The 5,7-DHT lesion also did not alter responding for d-amphetamine (120 µg/kg) in longer (8 h) daily access sessions. Responding for d-amphetamine delivered on a progressive ratio schedule, in which response requirements increased for each successive infusion of d-amphetamine, was also determined in 5-HT depleted rats. The number of d-amphetamine infusions was not different from the number of infusions earned by sham-lesioned rats across a range of doses of d-amphetamine (7.5–60 µg/kg). In a final experiment, spontaneous acquisition of self-administration of low doses of d-amphetamine (10 and 30 µg/kg) was measured in 5-HT depleted and control rats. Again, self-administration behaviour in the 5-HT depleted rats did not differ from controls. Conclusions: These results provide no evidence that reducing 5-HT function alters the primary reinforcing effects of self-administered amphetamine. The increase in self-administration of a low dose of amphetamine observed in experiment 1 probably involves some other process such as increased resistance to extinction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130051105
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of raclopride treatment on plasma and CSF HVA: relationships with clinical improvement in male schizophrenics (1994)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 116 (1994), S. 291-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Schizophrenia ; Antipsychotics ; Dopamine ; Raclopride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thirty-two acutely psychotic, male schizophrenic patients received raclopride, at 2, 6, or 12 mg/day, or haloperidol, 15 mg/day for 4 weeks after randomized, double-blind assignment. Twenty-six patients, including 19 who had been assigned one of the three doses of raclopride, completed the study. Raclopride, particularly at 12 mg/day, increased CSF homovanillic acid (HVA) at 4 weeks, and plasma HVA at 2 days, of treatment. The clinical response to raclopride was significantly correlated with plasma raclopride concentrations and baseline plasma HVA concentrations. Although raclopride is a substituted benzamide with atypical properties in animals, these results suggest that the doses of raclopride required for clinical efficacy and elevation of clinical indices of brain dopamine turnover are similar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245331
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subcortical dopamine and serotonin turnover during acute and subchronic administration of typical and atypical neuroleptics (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 110 (1993), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Dopamine ; Serotonin ; Neuroleptics ; Clozapine ; Sulpiride ; 3-PPP ; Haloperidol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of acute (1 day) and subchronic (28 days) treatment with three atypical antipsychotic drugs [clozapine, (±)-sulpiride and (−)-3-PPP] on dopamine and serotonin turnover in both the nucleus accumbens (NA) and corpus striatum (CS) of rodents was compared to haloperidol and saline treatment. The equivalent doses of all drugs were determined based upon their ability to compete in vivo for3H-spiperone binding in the NA and CS. All three atypical drugs, compared to haloperidol, produced preferential elevations of dopamine turnover in the NA. Further, the development of tolerance to this effect was more apparent for the three atypical drugs than for haloperidol. Surprisingly, all three atypical drugs, but not haloperidol, produced changes in serotonin turnover, despite the fact that (±)-sulpiride and (−)-3-PPP have no known direct effects on brain serotonin systems. All three atypical drugs produced acute increases in serotonin turnover in both the NA and CS, followed by later decreases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246964
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain dopamine receptors: 20 Years of progress (1993)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 18 (1993), S. 101-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Dopamine ; dopamine receptors ; A68930 ; A77636 ; Parkinson's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract I present a brief overview of the contribution of Paul Greengard's laboratory to the field of dopamine receptor research. I show that the work on the biochemical pharmacology of dopamine receptors was part of the intellectual foundation for the division of dopamine receptors into two general pharmacological categories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00966928
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pteridine, XXXIII. Synthese und Struktur 8-substituierter Lumazine (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 99 (1966), S. 3503-3523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Verschiedene N-8-substituierte Lumazine werden synthetisch erhalten und durch ihre pK-Werte und UV-Absorptionsspektren charakterisiert. Die Neutralmoleküle und Monokationen zeigen übereinstimmende Strukturen, wogegen im alkalischen pH-Bereich unter normalen Bedingungen wenig übereinstimmende physikalische Daten erhalten werden. Kovalente Hydratation an das konjugierte System in 1.7-Stellung führt zu Gleichgewichtsgemischen verschiedener Molekülformen. Zur Klärung der Verhältnisse werden mit Hilfe einer Schnell-bestimmungsmethode die wahren pK-Werte und UV-Spektren der zum Teil instabilen Molekülformen bestimmt. Durch kinetische Messungen am 6.7.8-Trimethyl-lumazin (16) wird gezeigt, daß sich bei 6.7-Dimethyl-8-alkyl-lumazinen an die Wasseraddition noch eine reversible Ringöffnung des Pyrazinringes anschließt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19660991117
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and structure of Cp3U=CHPMe3: A compound with a U=C multiple bond (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 121 (1988), S. 417-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthese und Struktur von Cp3U=CHPMe3: Eine Verbindung mit U=C-MehrfachbindungGrünes, kristallines Cp3U=CHPMe3 wurde durch Umsetzung von Cp3UCl mit Li[CH2]2PMe2 oder H2C=PMe3 dargestellt. Seine Kristallstruktur wurde durch Röntgenbeugungsanalyse an Einkristallen bestimmt. Der kurze U=CH-Abstand von 2.274(8) Å und der große Winkel U—C—P von 143.5(5)° deuten Uran-Kohlenstoff-Mehrfachbindungscharakter an. Die 1J (13C1H)-Kopplungskonstanten in den CH-Gruppen zwischen Uran und Phosphor von Cp3U=CHPMe3 (95 Hz), Cp3U=CHPMe2Ph (100 Hz) und Cp3U=CHPPh2Me (113 Hz) sind auffallend klein. Den Strukturdaten kann aber keine agostische UCHP-Wechselwirkung entnommen werden.
    Notes: Green, crystalline Cp3U=CHPMe3 has been synthesized by the reaction of Cp3UCl with Li[CH2]2PMe2 or CH2=PMe3. Its crystal structure has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The short U=CH bond distance, 2.274(8) Å, and large U—C—P angle, 143.5(5)°, indicate uranium-carbon multiple bond character. The 1J(13C1H) coupling constants within the CH group between uranium and phosphorus in Cp3U=CHPPh2Me (95 Hz), Cp3U=CHPMe2Ph (100 Hz), and Cp3U=CHPPh2Me (113 Hz) are surprisingly small, but no agostic interaction UCHP can be derived from the structural data.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19881210306
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Supermolecules Containing a Tetrahedral Core: A New Class of Liquid-Crystalline Siloxanes (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 129 (1996), S. 521-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Liquid crystals ; Siloxanes ; Phase behaviors ; Defined topology ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is shown that supermolecules with a tetrahedral symmetry and appropriate side-chains exhibit liquid-crystalline phase behaviour. The use of an optimised hydrosylation reaction allows for the synthesis of materials that have four mesogenic groups attached to a siloxane core, where the conformation and the configuration are unambiguous. The materials show low glass transition temperatures and, depending on the spacer length, complex liquid-crystalline morphologies.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19961290508
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lösliche Lanthanid-alkoxide mit niedrigen Koordinationszahlen am Metall-Atom (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1163-1165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Lanthanide alkoxides ; Tritox ligand ; Neodymium ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Soluble Lanthanide Alkoxides with Low Coordination Numbers at the Metal AtomNd[N(SiMe3)2]3(thf)2 (1) reacts with tBu3COH (2) to give the monomeric lanthanide alkoxide (tritox)3Nd(thf) (3). The chloro-bridged dimer [(tritox)2Nd(μ-Cl)thf]2 (6) is obtained by treatment of NdCl3(thf)2 (4) with LiOCtBu3 (5). The structure of 6 has been determined by X-ray crystallography.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19911240530
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