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Spectral analysis of earthquake migration in South America (1979)

Delsemme, Jacques ; Smith, Albert T.

Springer

Pure and applied geophysics 117 (1979), S. 1271-1285

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ISSN: 1420-9136

Keywords: Earthquake prediction ; Earthquake migration ; Tectonics South America

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Notes: Abstract Earthquake migration along linear seismic belts is investigated by analyzing spacetime diagrams using spectral analysis. In order to sample the earthquakes in the space-time domain, they must first be convolved with a (sinx sint)/xt surface to obtain an unbiased and alias free twodimensional Fourier spectrum. Further enhancements are provided by selectively stacking patterns (a pattern is defined as the distribution of earthquakes in space and time before a particular earthquake), thereby reinforcing the similarities within the various patterns. With these techniques, it is possible to quantitatively estimate the migration rates (from theirspatial frequencies) and recurrence intervals (from theirtemporal frequencies) of large earthquakes in South America. Preliminary examination of the spectra for South America indicates that a low frequency peak occurs at approximately 2500 km and 27 years for earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 7.7. The results suggest a migration rate of approximately 95 km/yr from south to north and a recurrence interval of 27 years.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876219

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Trophectoderm microbiopsy in murine blastocysts: Comparison of four methods (1993)

Carson, Sandra A. ; Gentry, William L. ; Smith, Albert L. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 10 (1993), S. 427-433

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ISSN: 1573-7330

Keywords: blastocysts ; blastomere ; biopsy ; murine ; human ; preimplantation diagnosis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Description / Table of Contents: Results Murine blastocysts were comparatively biopsied using one of four methods and contrasted to zona slit and nonmicromanipulated controls. Operative cellular injury was assessed by uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Postoperative embryonic viability was assessed by blastocoele reexpansion and hatching inner cell mass development and trophectoderm plating. All techniques yielded cells available for genetic analysis.

Abstract: Conclusions The slit/excision technique and hatch/excision techniques exhibited lower operative injury and the higher postoperative viability than aspiration or incision. The slit/excision and the hatch/excision techniques, though requiring two operative steps, appear to be the least damaging of the four methods. Therefore, they should be most applicable to human blastocysts obtained either by extended culture in vitro or by uterine lavage.

Notes: Purpose This study compares four trophectoderm microbiopsy techniques for removal of blastomeres from murine blastocysts: (1) aspiration,trophectoderm pipetted through the zona; (2) incision,trophectoderm excised with a microrazor; (3) slit/excision,the zona slit and herniating trophectoderm excised; and (4) hatch/excision,trophectoderm cells excised after spontaneous hatching.