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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (9)
  • Electroconvulsive shock  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of repeated electroconvulsive shock on corticosterone responses to centrally acting pharmacological stimuli in the male rat (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 71 (1980), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Electroconvulsive shock ; Corticosterone ; Muscarinic agonists ; Serotoninergic agonists ; α-Adrenoceptor agonists ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of repeated and single electroconvulsive shocks (ECS) on the corticosterone response to pharmacological stimuli has been studied in male rats. Plasma corticosterone concentrations are elevated by oxotremorine, a muscarinic agonist, and by 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan, a precursor of serotonin. Both these agonists probably stimulate corticotrophinreleasing-factor release from the hypothalamus. The log dose-response curves of the corticosterone response to oxotremorine and to 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan are shifted to the left after a single ECS given daily for 10 days compared with sham-shocked controls. Plasma corticosterone concentrations are elevated by treatment with α-methyl-p-tyrosine methyl ester (400 mg/kg IP). This rise is suppressed by clonidine. The log dose-response curve for the corticosterone response to clonidine after α-methyl-p-tyrosine methyl ester is also shifted to the left by repeated ECS, compared with controls. There is no difference in the corticosterone response of ECS and sham-treated groups given vasopressin, which is thought to act directly on the pituitary to release ACTH. A single ECS produces a slight enhancement of the response to 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan, a slight decrease in the response to oxotremorine and no change in the response to clonidine after α-methyl-p-tyrosine. The disappearance of the difference in response between ECS and sham-treated animals was also studied 1,3, and 6 days after a series of ten ECS or sham procedures. Significant differences in the corticosterone responses to oxotremorine, 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan and clonidine after α-methyl-p-tyrosine between ECS and sham-treated animas were found 24 h after the last ECS or sham shock. These differences were in decline 3 days after the last procedure and had completely disappeared by day 6. The decline was largely due to an increase in plasma corticosterone responsiveness to pharmacological stimuli of the shamshocked controls. Responses in the ECS-treated groups remained constant. It is apparent that the anaesthetic procedure suppresses the effect of oxotremorine, 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan and clonidine after α-methyl-p-tyrosine on corticosterone concentrations in plasma. This effect is spontaneously reversible. Repeated ECS reverses the effect of the anaesthetic procedure but produces no reversible enhancement of its own.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433053
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced 5-hydroxytryptamine-mediated behavioural responses in rats following repeated electroconvulsive shock: Relevance to the mechanism of the antidepressive effect of electroconvulsive therapy (1979)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 61 (1979), S. 167-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Electroconvulsive shock ; Electronvulsive therapy ; 5-Hydroxytryptamine ; Behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Treatment of rats with one electroconvulsive shock (ECS) per day for 10 days enhanced the hyperactivity syndrome produced by administration of tranylcypromine (10 mg kg-1) and l-tryptophan (50 mg kg-1) given 24 h after the final shock. Similar enhancement was seen whether the shock was alternating sinusoidal or direct current (fractionated), whether it was given through unilaterally or bilaterally placed electrodes and whether or not a neuromuscular blocking agent (fazadinium) was used. Five shocks spread over 10 days or 8 shocks spread over 17 days were similarly effective, whilst 8 shocks in 1 day were ineffective. Therefore when ECS are given to rats in ways similar to those in which electroconvulsive therapy is given to patients with depression, enhancement of behavioural responses to increased 5-HT function is produced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426732
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of repeated electroconvulsive shocks on growth hormone secretion and growth hormone responses to clonidine in the intact rat (1982)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 76 (1982), S. 98-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Electroconvulsive shock ; Growth hormone ; Clonidine ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of repeated electroconvulsive shocks (ECS) on growth hormone (GH) secretion was studied in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley animals were given one ECS daily for 10 days under halothane anaesthesia. Control animals were anaesthetised only. GH secretion was studied 24 h after the last ECS or sham procedure. Background GH secretion was significantly greater in ECS-treated than in sham-treated animals (P〈0.001). The GH response to IV clonidine (0.01–0.1 mg/kg) did not differ between the two groups. The size of the GH response was not directly related to the basal GH secretion and could not be explained in terms of it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430767
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repeated ECS enhances dopamine D-1 but not D-2 agonist-induced behavioural responses in rats (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 101 (1990), S. 110-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Electroconvulsive shock ; Dopamine receptor subtypes ; SKF 38393 ; RU 24213 ; Apomorphine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study examined the effect of acute and repeated administration of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on behaviours induced by various dopamine agonists in rats. Components of behavioural arousal induced by the dopamine D-1 agonist SKF 38393, the dopamine D-2 agonist RU 24213 and the mixed D-1/D-2 agonist apomorphine were assessed using a behavioural check-list method. Also, the overall behavioural syndrome produced by these drugs was measured using rating scales. Rats receiving repeated (5 times over 10 days) but not a single ECS showed enhanced grooming and sniffing in response to SKF 38393 (7.5 mg/kg) when compared to controls. Repetitive sniffing induced by apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg) was also enhanced by repeated ECS. Neither repeated nor a single ECS significantly changed behaviours induced by RU 24213 (0.75 mg/kg), although a downward trend was evident. The behaviour rating scale measurements also demonstrated that repeated administration to ECS increased behavioural responsiveness to SKF 38393 and apomorphine but not RU 24213. These results suggest that the increase of dopamine-mediated behaviour in rats seen after chronic ECS relates to an increase in central dopamine D-1 receptor function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245799
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further observations on the effect of repeated electroconvulsive shock on the behavioural resposes of rats produced by increases in the functional activity of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine (1977)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 52 (1977), S. 195-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Electroconvulsive shock ; 5-Hydroxytryptamine ; Dopamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Following repeated electroconvulsive shocks (ECS) (once daily for 10 days), rats display enhanced hyperactivity responses to tranylcypromine and l-tryptophan, a procedure which increases brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) concentrations, or to the suggested 5-HT agonist quipazine. The enhanced responses last for about 6 days following the last shock. Repeated sub-convulsive shocks did not produce this behavioural enhancement. Administration of indomethacin (2 mg/kg) 25 min before the ECS did not prevent the enhanced 5-HT response suggesting that the enhanced response is not the result of the reported rise in prostaglandins F following ECS. Repeated ECS shortened the time to loss of righting following pentobarbital (50 mg/kg) but did not alter the total sleeping time. Repeated ECS enhances locomotor activity produced by methamphetamine. It also enhances circling produced by methamphetamine and apomorphine in unilateral nigrostriatal lesioned rats, suggesting an enhanced postsynaptic response. No evidence was found for ECS altering the response of striatal adenylate cyclase to dopamine nor for any alteration of striatal cyclic AMP concentration. These data taken with our previous study reinforce the suggestion that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) produces increased responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine receptor stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439110
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kβ/Kα intensity ratios for elements of atomic number 20 to 30 (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. 149-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Twenty-five new measurements of Kβ/Kα X-ray intensity ratios for elements in the atomic number range 20 to 30 confirm other recent evidence that the variation with atomic number in this region is much less than previously thought, but there is still some disagreement for atomic numbers above 27. A table of recommended values is given.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1300030405
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The calculation of background in wavelength-dispersive electron microprobe analysis (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 10 (1981), S. 198-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A procedure has been developed for the calculation of background corrections in wavelength-dispersive electron microprobe analysis which reduces data acquisition times and offers the possibility of greater accuracy and lower detection limits, especially when the number of peaks concerned is large. An empirical ‘normalized background’ in conjunction with a modified version of Kramers' law (as developed for energy-dispersive analysis) is used to calculate continuum intensity, enabling the background to be estimated for any wavelength from a single measured value. This approach is compatible with modern trends towards automation of data acquisition and processing.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1300100412
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High resolution mass spectrometry in molecular structure studies - V: The fragmentation of amaryllis alkaloids in the crinine seriesFor Part IV, see Ref. 1. (1973)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 7 (1973), S. 401-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High resolution mass spectral fragmentation patterns of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids in the crinine series have been investigated as well as those of certain isotopically labeled derivatives. Attention is directed to the particular importance of employing entire high resolution mass spectra in attempting the elucidation of structural correlations in compounds which display few significant relative intensity variations in a complex fragmentation pattern.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210070405
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass spectrometry in structural and stereochemical problems - CCXXII:For Part CCXXI, see K. Tomer and C. Djerassi, Org. Mass Spectrom. 6, 1285 (1972). Delineation of competing fragmentation pathways of complex molecules from a study of metastable ion transitions of deuterated derivatives (1973)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 7 (1973), S. 367-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Data on defocused metastable ions have been obtained for a series of structurally significant fragment ions in the mass spectra of the estrogenic steroid, estrone methyl ether and the alkaloid tropine. These data, in conjunction with measurements on defocused metastable ions in the mass spectra of isotopically labeled analogs and complete high resolution mass spectra provide important insights into the details of fragmentation processes, specifically: (a) an enumeration and determination of the frequent multiple origins of fragment ions in the mass spectra of such complex molecules, (b) specification of skeletal atoms lost and retained in concerted (one step) processes, and at each step of stepwise processes, leading to a particular fragment ion and (c) information on the relative contributions of concerted and stepwise processes resulting in the genesis of a given ion.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210070402
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of oxygen K absorption spectra using an electron microprobe (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 4 (1975), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A technique is outlined which use the electron microprobe to obtain X-ray absorption spectra, by photon absorption, in the long wavelength region. Spectra are presented for SiO, SiO2, rectorite, talc, vermiculite, V2O5, Cr2O3, Fe2O3, maghemite, Mylar and collodion. For all compounds the main absorption edge is near to 536 eV, which is significantly higher than core binding measured in ESCA studies. The transition metal oxides and organic films show a sharp absorption line near 531 eV in addition to the above edge. This absorption line is very close in energy to the anomalous peak observed in the oxygen K emission spectra when using KAP or other acid phthalate crystals and it seems likely that the two phenomena are associated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1300040206
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