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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blasenzellen im Bindegewebe des Schlundrings von Cepaea nemoralis L. (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 262-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Connective tissue ; Gastropoda ; Globular cells ; Uptake of ferritin ; Endocytosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Experimentelle Untersuchungen am Schlundringbindegewebe von Cepaea nemoralis haben ergeben, daß — abgesehen von einigen Blutzellen—allein die Blasenzellen befähigt sind, injiziertes Ferritin aufzunehmen. Diese Substanz gelangt aus der Hämolymphe der Körperhöhle über das Gefäßsystem durch das Endothel der Kapillaren in die interzellulären Räume des Bindegewebes und von dort ausschließlich zu den Blasenzellen. Elektronenmikroskopisch zeigt sich, daß die Blasenzellen das Ferritin wahrscheinlich nur durch Endozytose im Bereich des Spaltenapparates aufnehmen. Das Ferritin wird nicht von der Zelle abgebaut, sondern auf engstem Raum, zum Teil in parakristalliner Anordnung, in Endosomen gespeichert. Die Fähigkeit der Blasenzellen, Fremdstoffe selektiv aufzunehmen, läßt vermuten, daß sie eine analoge Bedeutung für die Gastropoden haben wie die Pericardialzellen für Insekten oder das Retikuloendotheliale System für die Vertebraten.
    Notes: Summary Experimental investigations of the ganglionic connective tissue sheath of Cepaea nemoralis have shown, that — except for some blood cells — only the globular cells are capable for the uptake of injected Ferritin. This substance gets out of the hemolymph of the body cavity through the blood-vessels and capillaries, across the collagenous connective tissue into the cytoplasm of the globular cells. The globular cells take up the Ferritin by endocytosis, exclusively by the invagination of the „Spaltenapparat“. The Ferritin remaines accumulated in endosomes sometimes having a paracrystalline pattern. Because of their capability to incorporate and accumulate injected substances, the globular cells have been compared with the pericardial cells of insects respectively with the reticuloendothelial system of vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306962
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface coat and endocytosis of specialized connective tissue cells in pulmonates (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 139-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Amoebocytes ; Globular cells ; Pulmonates ; Cell coat ; Endocytosis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cell coat of the amoebocytes and globular cells occurring in the connective tissue of Helix pomatia and Cepaea nemoralis was studied with colloidal iron, Thorotrast, ruthenium red and Alcian blue methods. The positive reactions of the entire cell surface of amoebocytes to these cationic dyes indicate the presence of an acid sialic-glycoprotein. The cell coat of the invaginations of globular cells proved to be distinct from the remainder cell surface since it has shown the strongest reaction of ruthenium red. The importance of the cell coat in the mechanism of endocytosis is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306763
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vergleichende Untersuchungen an Amoebozyten und Blasenzellen von Cepaea nemoralis L. (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 281-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Amoebocytes, globular cells ; Connective tissue ; Gastropoda ; Endocytosis ; Selective uptake of foreign particles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Amoebozyten und Blasenzellen im Bindegewebe von Cepaea nemoralis zeigen deutliche Unterschiede in ihrer Endozytosefähigkeit. Grobe Partikeln wie Latexkugeln und Erythrozyten werden von den Amoebozyten endozytiert. Kleine Moleküle wie Ferritin und Hämoglobin werden hauptsächlich in den Blasenzellen akkumuliert, können aber auch von Amoebozyten aufgenommen werden. Dasselbe Endozytoseverhalten ist bei beiden Zellen zu beobachten, wenn Latex und Ferritin nacheinander in bestimmtem Zeitabstand angeboten werden. Die unterschiedliche Affinität der Amoebozyten und Blasenzellen zu den injizierten Fremdstoffen kann einmal durch ihre morphologische Oberflächendifferenzierung bedingt sein, zum anderen könnte ein funktionelles Zusammenwirken der Zellen im Sinne einer Arbeitsteilung vorliegen.
    Notes: Summary Amoebocytes and globular cells in the connective tissue of Cepaea nemoralis vary in the endocytotic incorporation of foreign materials of different size. Only the amoebocytes take up the latex beads and the red blood cells. However most of the injected ferritin and hemoglobin is ingested by the globular cells; a limited endocytotic capacity has been observed for these molecules by the amoebocytes. The results are the same, even though latex beads and ferritin are injected successively in definite intervals. Therefore the different affinity of amoebocytes and globular cells to foreign particles can not depend only on the morphological differentiation of their cell surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307435
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrathecal therapy of leptomeningeal CEM T-cell lymphoma in nude rats with anti-CD7 ricin toxin A chain immunotoxin (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 40 (1998), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: animal model ; leptomeningeal metastasis ; lymphomatous meningitis ; intrathecal therapy ; immunotherapy ; immunotoxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have established a new xenogeneic animal model of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) by intracisternal inoculation of human CEM T-cell lymphoma into nude rats, and used it to evaluate the anti-lymphoma efficacy of an anti-CD7 ricin A chain immunotoxin (DA7). In vitro incubation with 2 μg/ml DA7 for 72 h inhibited CEM cells by 90% in a trypan blue exclusion assay. To establish its anti-lymphoma activity, one and four days after cisternal inoculation of 106 CEM cells, eight animals each were treated cisternally with 10 μg DA7 in 50 μl PBS or sham-treated with 50 μl PBS. Histopathologically, all eight sham-treated and five of eight DA7 treated animals showed typical features of LM with multilayers of tumor cells along the whole subarachnoid space and the ventricular walls, as well as subependymal and diffuse parenchymal tumor cell infiltration. Three DA7 treated animals were free of tumor. Two of these animals were asymptomatic long-term survivors (〉 90 days). The third tumor-free animal suddenly died on day 51. Histology revealed viral myocarditis. Median symptom-free survival was 51 days (range 29–90+ days) in DA7 treated and 34 days (range 29–87 days) in sham-treated animals (p=0.12, log-rank test). Histologically, no signs of neurotoxicity or systemic toxicity was found. However, DA7 treated animals showed a tendency to a slower weight increase on days 6–28 after tumor cell inoculation. Our results indicate that this model is useful in studying leptomeningeal seeding and intracisternal treatment of lymphoma. The demonstrated anti-tumor effect of DA7 treatment deserves further evaluation especially regarding the application of DA7 in early stages of LM from T-cell lymphoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005815503950
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrathecal treatment of C6 glioma leptomeningeal metastasis in Wistar rats with interlenkin-2 (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 27 (1996), S. 193-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: animal model ; leptomeningeal metastasis ; C6 glioma ; intrathecal therapy ; immunotherapy ; interleukin-2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The efficacy of intrathecal treatment of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) with interleukin-2 (IL-2) was evaluated in an animal model using Wistar rats inoculated intracisternally with 107 C6 glioma cells. Prior to the in vivo experiments the antiproliferative effects of human IL-2, and of murine IFN-γ and TNF-α which are cytokines induced by IL-2 were tested in a colony forming assay. Only IFN-γ caused a dose-dependent inhibition of colony formation. Twelve animals were treated intracisternally with either 105 IU IL-2 or control medium on day 0, 2, and 5 after tumor cell inoculation. Both IL-2 treated and sham-treated animals developed LM with a symptom-free survival of 7 to 9 days. There was no significant difference between treated and untreated animals regarding time to onset of symptoms and pattern of tumor growth. Infiltration of the tumor tissue with ED-1+ monocytes and macrophages, and CD8+ lymphocytes, however, was slightly increased in IL-2 treated animals. In a second experiment 4 non tumor-bearing Wistar rats were intracisternally injected with a single dose of 105 IU IL-2. These animals also showed slightly enhanced leptomeningeal infiltration with CD8+ lymphocytes compared to controls. We conclude that intrathecal application of high-dose IL-2 although eliciting a slight immune reaction within the leptomeninges does not inhibit leptomeningeal tumor growth or prolong symptom-free survival in our animal model of LM. These results raise doubt about the clinical efficacy of intrathecal IL-2 treatment in patients with LM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00165475
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrathecal ACNU treatment of B16 melanoma leptomeningeal metastasis in a new athymic rat model (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 14 (1992), S. 169-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: leptomeningeal metastasis ; meningeal carcinomatosis ; B16 melanoma ; intrathecal chemotherapy ; ACNU
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate new cytotoxic drugs for intrathecal treatment we developed an experimental model of leptomeningeal metastasis by intracisternal injection of 104B16-F10 melanoma cells in nude rats. One hour in vitro incubation with 20 μg/ml ACNU (area under the drug concentration-time curve = 1200 μgxmin/ml) induced a 4-log kill of B16 melanoma cells. A single or repeated non-toxic dose of 1 mg/kg was injected into the cisterna magna of rats inoculated with tumor (area under the drug concentration-time curve assuming an even cerebrospinal fluid distribution 〉 7000 μgxmin/ml). Median survival free of symptoms was 16 days (range 14–27) for controls (n = 9) and 18 days (range 17–23) for rats treated with ACNU on day 4 (n = 9). Animals treated both on day 2 and 8 (n = 8) developed symptoms on day 21 (range 13–35). Neurological symptoms and neuropathological examination in animals with increased survival indicated local suppression of tumor growth in the cisterna magna but increased spinal seeding and mass growth. From these results and the available pharmacokinetic data on ACNU it is concluded that bolus injection of ACNU — although locally effective — is not a sufficient treatment of widespread leptomeningeal metastasis. An increased therapeutic efficacy might be achieved by ventriculolumbar perfusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177621
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MR imaging of experimental meningeal melanomatosis in nude rats (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 14 (1992), S. 207-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: leptomeningeal metastasis ; B16 melanoma ; magnetic resonance imaging ; animal model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract MR imaging of the rat brain has become an increasingly frequently used method in experimental neuroradiology. On a generally available 1.5 T whole body tomograph, supplemented with an individually made small coil and a special SE sequence we obtained fairly fine images of the structures of the rat brain. With gadolinium-DTPA, we were able to visualize posterior fossa and cervical leptomeningeal growth of intrathecally injected B16 melanoma in nude rats. Using MRI to follow experimental leptomeningeal metastasis, may provide a new means for diagnostic evaluation and preclinical testing of treatment modalities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172596
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