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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral dicarboxylate transport and metabolism studied with isotopically labelled fumarate, malate and malonate (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 82 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Transport and metabolism of dicarboxylates may be important in the glial-neuronal metabolic interplay. Further, exogenous dicarboxylates have been suggested as cerebral energy substrates. After intrastriatal injection of [14C]fumarate or [14C]malate, glutamine attained a specific activity 4.1 and 2.6 times higher than that of glutamate, respectively, indicating predominantly glial uptake of these four-carbon dicarboxylates. In contrast, the three-carbon dicarboxylate [14C]malonate gave a specific activity in glutamate which was approximately five times higher than that of glutamine, indicating neuronal uptake of malonate. Therefore, neurones and glia take up different types of dicarboxylates, probably by different transport mechanisms. Labelling of alanine from [14C]fumarate and [14C]malate demonstrated extensive malate decarboxylation, presumably in glia. Intravenous injection of 75 µmol [U-13C]fumarate rapidly led to high concentrations of [U-13C]fumarate and [U-13C]malate in serum, but neither substrate labelled cerebral metabolites as determined by 13C NMR spectroscopy. Only after conversion of [U-13C]fumarate into serum glucose was there 13C-labelling of cerebral metabolites, and only at 〈10% of that obtained with 75 µmol [3-13C]lactate or [2-13C]acetate. These findings suggest a very low transport capacity for four-carbon dicarboxylates across the blood–brain barrier and rule out a role for exogenous fumarate as a cerebral energy substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00986.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deficits and recovery of first- and second-order motion perception in patients with unilateral cortical lesions (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 10 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Unilateral lesions in the posterior parietal cortex can degrade motion perception in the contralesional visual hemifield. Our aim was to investigate whether deficits caused by cortical lesions may be different for first- and second-order motion perception, and to study the time scale of any potential recovery. In nine patients with circumscribed lesions mainly in the parietal and fronto-parietal cortex, thresholds for direction discrimination were measured for stimuli presented peripherally in their ipsi- and contralesional hemifield. Subjects had to identify the direction of a vertically moving object embedded in a background of dynamic random dot noise. The object consisted of various proportions of signal and noise dots. Signal dots were either (a) coherently moving in the same direction as the object (first-order), (b) stationary (second-order: drift-balanced), or (c) coherently moving in the opposite direction (second-order: theta). Noise dots were flickering. Two patients showed significant threshold elevations for all three types of motion stimuli presented in their contralesional hemifield, while thresholds for ipsilesional targets were unaffected. Neither showed any selective deficit of first- versus second-order motion perception, but second-order motion was more impaired. Their lesions probably included the motion area V5-MT, which was spared in the other seven patients. One of the patients, who was retested several times during a 27-month postlesional period, showed complete recovery for first- and second-order motion direction discrimination, as well as for the detection of speed differences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00224.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reversibility of alcoholic brain damage is not due to rehydration: a CT study (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Addiction 88 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Alcoholic brain damage is reversible when the patients are continually abstinent. An increase of brain water content was the putative explanation for this phenomenon. We tested the rehydration hypothesis using CT density measurements in 29 alcohol-dependent male inpatients. During a 5-week period of controlled abstinence, CT density measures did not decrease in any of the investigated regions of the brain as one would expect with an increase in brain water. Although the volumetry of the ventricular system and the subarchnoidal spaces revealed a significant reduction of CSF volume, we found a slight increase in CT density measures. Thus, our results are in contradiction to the rehydration hypothesis. Under discussion is whether neuronal plasticity might be the explanation of the reversibility of alcoholic brain damage in abstinent patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02077.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    False perception of motion in a patient who cannot compensate for eye movements (1997)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 389 (1997), S. 849-852 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We are usually unaware of the motion of an image across our retina that results from our own movement. For instance, during slow-tracking eye movements we do not mistake the shift of the image projected onto the retina for motion of the world around us, but instead perceive a stable world. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/39872
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cycloechinulin, a Trp-Ala-derived alkaloid from the fungus Aspergillus ochraceus (2001)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. o909-o912 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5368
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The structure of the Trp–Ala-derived, non-basic alkaloid cycloechinulin from the mycelial mat of the fungus Aspergillus ochraceus is described; systematic name: (3S)-2,3,8,9-tetrahydro-11-methoxy-3,8,8-trimethylpyrazino[1′,2′:1,2]azocino[5,4-b]indole-1,4-dione–methanol (4/1), C20H21N3O3·0.25CH4O. There are four independent molecules plus one methanol molecule in the asymmetric unit. The conformations of molecules 1–3 are almost identical, while molecule 4 shows a different conformation in the fused 8–6 ring moiety.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1600536801014234
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dysarthria in bilateral thalamic infarction A case study (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 240 (1993), S. 357-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Thalamic dysarthria ; Thalamic ischaemia ; Acoustic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A patient suffering from bilateral thalamic infarction in the region supplied by the paramedian arteries sparing the internal capsules underwent acoustic analysis of sentence utterances. The results were compared with the findings obtained in parkinsonian subjects, in patients with upper motor neuron lesions, and in normal subjects. Acoustic measurements revealed increased pitch, monotonous speech, rough voice quality, and normal speech tempo concomitant with articulatory impreciseness in terms of incomplete closure productions. This constellation resembled parkinsonian dysarthria. Damage to the thalamic projection area of the pallidal efferents, therefore, seems to be the most probable cause of the patient's speech disorders. In parkinsonian subjects stereotactical lesions of this structure ameliorate rigor, but not akinesia. Thus, our patient's speech deficits, and by analogy the corresponding parkinsonian dysarthric disturbances, may be considered akinetic signs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00839967
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fixation instability and oculomotor abnormalities in Friedreich's ataxia (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 242 (1995), S. 517-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Friedreich's ataxia ; Fixation instability ; Oculomotor abnormalities ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eye movements were studied in 13 patients with Friedreich's ataxia and correlated with MRI findings to investigate whether oculomotor abnormalities can be traced to cerebellar disturbances in this disease. One of the most prominent eye signs was fixation instability (square-wave jerks, SWJ.). Besides SWJ the patients showed various combinations of cerebellar, vestibular and brain-stem oculomotor signs. Our patients did not comprise a homogeneous group with regard to their oculomotor findings. There was no correlation between the severity of any of the so-called cerebellar oculomotor disturbances and the number of SWJ. We tried to correlate the extent of oculomotor disturbances with floccular atrophy and atrophy of the dorsal vermis on MRI in seven of the patients. None of the oculomotor features (including SWJ) correlated with flocculus or dorsal vermis size. Furthermore, floccular and vermal measurements on MRI were normal. Accordingly, we think it unlikely that the oculomotor disturbances, including SWJ, are attributable to cerebellar pathology per se.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00867423
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Speech deficits in ischaemic cerebellar lesions (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 239 (1992), S. 223-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Cerebellar dysarthria ; Ataxic dysarthria ; Cerebellar ischaemia ; Speech disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twelve patients with cerebellar infarction, 8 in the region supplied by the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) and 4 in the territory of the superior cerebellar artery, underwent formal perceptual examination for speech deficits. With respect to topography the results firstly underline the significance of the paravermal region of the superior cerebellar portion for speech functions. In all patients with dysarthric impairment the lesion extended to this area, whereas patients with PICA infarction sparing the superior portion of the cerebellum showed no speech deficits. Secondly the findings do not corroborate the notion of an exclusively left-sided cerebellar speech motor control, since 3 of the 4 dysarthric subjects had unilateral right-sided ischaemia. This study thirdly demonstrates that lesions of the cerebellar cortex without involvement of the dentate nucleus can cause dysarthric impairment. Phonetic analysis revealed irregularly distributed articulatory deficits and slowed speech tempo as the most common dysarthric features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00839144
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system (1991)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 241 (1991), S. 57-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Superficial siderosis ; Chronic subarachnoid haemorrhage ; Triethylenetetramine ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The course of a patient suffering from superficial siderosis of the central nervous system for 37 years is presented and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are evaluated. The syndrome is clinically defined by slowly progressing deafness, cerebellar ataxia, myelopathy and neuropsychological deficits in combination with recurrent xanthochromia of the cerebrospinal fluid with siderophages. The diagnosis may be confirmed by computed tomography, which shows degeneration of the cerebellar vermis, and by magnetic resonance imaging, demonstrating iron deposits on the surface of brain, brain stem and spinal cord. Therapy should seek to identify and remove the source of bleeding, since pharmacotherapy with iron-depleting drugs is of limited effectiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02193756
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurosarcoidosis without systemic sarcoidosis (1991)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 240 (1991), S. 334-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Sarcoidosis ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Lysozyme ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurosarcoidosis is a well-recognised complication of systemic sarcoidosis but diagnosis may be difficult if there is no clear evidence of an extracerebral manifestation of the disease. We present the case of a 42-year-old woman with clinical features characteristic of cerebral sarcoidosis including tetraparesis, diabetes insipidus, diencephalic hyperphagia, personality changes, and memory loss. Diagnosis was supported by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): CSF showed mild lymphocytic pleocytosis, intrathecal production of IgG without oligoclonal bands, and a raised level of lysozyme. MRI revealed multiple contrast-enhanced granulomas at the base of the brain with partial involvement of diencephalic and mesencephalic structures and parts of the spinal cord. There was no evidence of systemic manifestation of sarcoidosis. Administration of corticosteroids led to improvement of the symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279763
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