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Endoscopic sclerosis of the cardia affects gastroesophageal reflux (1989)

Donahue, Philip E. ; Carvalho, Paulo ; Yoshida, Junichi ; [et al.]

Springer

Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 3 (1989), S. 11-12

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ISSN: 1432-2218

Keywords: Endoscopic sclerosis ; Cardia ; Human gastroesophageal reflux ; Lower esophageal sphincter

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Summary Gastroesophageal reflux disease remains a disorder of unknown etiology associated with abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and other physiological co-factors of the pathologic reflux. Effective operations for reflux are designed to reinforce the anti-reflux barrier and alter the tendency towards abnormal reflux. We have postulated that the most important component of these procedures is the prevention of distraction of the lowermost components of the LES at the onset of a potential reflux episode. Distraction of the LES causes shortening of the effective sphincter mechanism and can initiate experimental reflux events. In this study we used endoscopic sclerosis of the submucosal space at the cardia as a means of reducing distraction of the cardia in the hope that this would reduce abnormal reflux events. Canine gastroesophageal reflux was induced by intravenous atropine and monitored by continuous esophageal pH monitoring. Sclerosis of the cardia prevented gastroesophageal reflux, without measurable effect on the LES pressure or length. Endoscopic sclerosis of the cardia may be a useful technique in the control of human gastroesophageal reflux.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00591308

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On the least squares procedure for atomic calculations (1969)

Lloyd, M. H. ; Delves, L. M.

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 3 (1969), S. 169-184

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ISSN: 0020-7608

Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: We discuss the properties of one version of the least squares (LS) method for the solution of the Schrödinger equation. These properties are exemplified by a number of calculations on the n1S and n3S states of helium, up to principal quantum number three, which are very much more accurate than previous LS calculations on helium. Particular attention is paid to the convergence properties of the LS procedure and we compare it with the simpler Rayleigh-Ritz (RR) procedure in the case when the RR matrix elements are evaluated numerically over the same quadrature mesh as used in the LS procedure. We conclude that although the LS procedure is capable of high accuracy it has no advantages which would justify its sole use in place of the RR procedure. However, it does have some advantages when used in conjunction with RR, in that it gives an estimate of the numerical accuracy of the RR energies.

Additional Material: 6 Ill.