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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 22 (1995), S. 473-476 
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Technegas ; Pertechnegas ; Lung ; Particle size ; Aerosol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Technegas and Pertechnegas are radioactive aerosols produced in a commercial generator and used for lung scintigraphy. The aerosols are produced by first evaporating to dryness standard technetium-99m generator eluate (99m-TcO4 in normal saline) in a graphite crucible (thesimmer stage) and then heating this to 2500° C (the „burn” stage). The aim of this work was to measure the particle size distributions of these agents and relate this to regional lung deposition. Factors that may vary during production of the aerosol in routine use were investigated to determine whether they influenced the particle size. Activity size distributions were measured using a serial wire-screen diffusion battery. The Technegas size distribution was approximately log-normal with an activity median diameter of 158 nm and a geometric standard deviation of 1.5. The results for Pertechnegas were similar. The median size increased with the number of simmers and with the time from generation. The increase in size with the number of simmers is thought to be due to the increased salt content in the crucible prior to the „burn”. The predicted lung deposition is 37% in the alveolar region and 5% in the bronchial region. Significant changes in deposition are not predicted over the range of particle sizes measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 1475-1506 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: finite elements ; incompressible Navier-Stokes ; upwinding schemes ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper examines a new Galerkin method with scaled bubble functions which replicates the exact artificial diffusion methods in the case of 1-D scalar advection-diffusion and that leads to non-oscillatory solutions as the streamline upwinding algorithms for 2-D scalar advection-diffusion and incompressible Navier-Stokes. This method retains the satisfaction of the Babuska-Brezzi condition and, thus, leads to optimal performance in the incompressible limit. This method, when, combined with the recently proposed linear unconditionally stable algorithms of Simo and Armero (1993), yields a method for solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations ideal for either diffusive or advection-dominated flows. Examples from scalar advection-diffusion and the solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are presented.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 25 (1997), S. 931-952 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: finite element method ; free surface ; updated Lagrangian-Eulerian ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An updated free surface Lagrangian-Eulerian finite element kinematic description is used to simulate free surface flow problems associated with mould filling. The method proposed results in an accurate determination of the front, making it ideal for problems in which free surface boundary conditions play an important role. Significant saving in CPU time can be obtained over other fixed mesh approaches by virtue of the air domain being ignored. Assuming a laminar regime for the flow field, a mixed interpolation formulation is used to approximate the discretized governing equations for elimination.   Of particular interest is the method implementation to restrict the number of remeshing operations and track the moving free surface within an arbitrary domain, either with or without internal obstacles. The method used to automatically assign boundary conditions to the changing domain is described. A dam break problem is modelled numerically and compared against experimentally derived data in order to validate the model. A further numerical example demonstrates the capabilities of the algorithm developed to model the filling of an industrial casting. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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