Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charybdotoxin and iberiotoxin but not apamin abolish the slow after-hyperpolarization in myenteric plexus neurons (1994)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 428 (1994), S. 300-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Potassium channels ; Enteric nervous system ; After-hyperpolarization ; Toxins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Myenteric neurons of guinea-pig ileum were studied with intracellular microelectrodes. The specific toxins charybdotoxin, iberiotoxin and apamin were used to characterize the prolonged after-hyperpolarizations of AH neurons in this preparation. Charybdotoxin and iberiotoxin blocked prolonged after-hyperpolarizations in 23 of 24 AH neurons, but apamin had no effect on 5 of 5 AH neurons. Abolition of the after-hyperpolarizations was accompanied by depolarization and increases in input resistances of those AH neurons affected, but the shapes of action potentials were unchanged. The excitability of the AH neurons was enhanced as shown by an increase in the number of action potentials evoked by a 500-ms depolarizing current pulse or by a train of 15 ms depolarizing current pulses (10Hz). The other class of myenteric neurons, S neurons, was also investigated. The 19 S neurons studied fired action potentials only at the start of a 500 ms depolarization, but the toxins had no effect on this behaviour or on their other properties. Intracellular injection of Neurobiotin into the neurons studied and subsequent immunohistochemical staining to localise the calcium-binding protein, calretinin, indicated that all major classes of S neurons were included in the sample. Thus, the prolonged after-hyperpolarizations in AH neurons may be due to opening of a large-conductance (BK) calcium-dependent potassium channel, but similar channels play little or no role in regulation of the excitability of S neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00724511
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological analysis of the actions of pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating peptide in the taenia of the guinea-pig caecum (1995)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 352 (1995), S. 538-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) ; Taenia caeci ; Electrophysiology ; Enteric nervous system ; Inhibitory neurotransmitter ; Smooth muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The actions of pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) on membrane potential and conductance were investigated in the taenia of the guinea-pig caecum. The possible role of PACAP in inhibitory transmission was also investigated. Membrane potentials of smooth muscle cells were measured by intracellular microelectrodes, in the presence of hyoscine and nifidepine (both 10-6M). To determine conductance changes, current was passed from external plate electrodes using the technique of Abe and Tomita (1968). PACAP-27 caused a concentration dependent hyperpolarization of the muscle with a maximum of 12–15 mV at 10-6M. The hyperpolarization caused by PACAP was associated with a substantial increase in membrane conductance. The hyperpolarization was abolished by apamin (10-6M), a blocker of small conductance, calcium-dependent, potassium channels, and was reduced to about 50% by suramin (10-4M), which is an antagonist of P2 receptors for purines. The hyperpolarization was not reduced by tetrodotoxin (2×10-6M), suggesting PACAP acts directly on the muscle. With continued exposure to PACAP, the hyperpolarization decayed back to resting membrane potential after several minutes, possibly due to receptor desensitization. Inhibitory junction potentials (IJPs) were markedly reduced in amplitude in the period of presumed receptor desensitization to PACAP, were abolished by tetrodotoxin, but were not affected by suramin. Apamin abolished the IJP and revealed a small excitatory junction potential. This study implies that PACAP released from nerve fibres in the taeniacaeci hyperpolarizes the muscle via an opening of apamin-sensitive potassium channels. The action is probably through type I PACAP receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169388
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for two types of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor on secretomotor neurons of the guinea-pig ileum (1989)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 339 (1989), S. 409-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Enteric nervous system ; 5-Hydroxytryptamine ; Electrolyte transport ; Small intestine ; Secretomotor neurons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Flat sheet preparations of the mucosa plus submucosa from the guinea-pig ileum were placed in Ussing chambers so that short circuit currrent (I sc), an index of electrolyte movement across the mucosa, could be measured. In these preparations, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) increasesI sc indirectly by stimulating both cholinergic and non-cholinergic secretomotor neurons. The 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ICS 205–930 (10−13–10−5 M), substantially depressed the secretory response due to 5-HT (10−6 M), but not that produced by direct activation of muscarinic receptors on the mucosal epithelium with carbachol (10−6 M), or by stimulation of secretomotor neurons with substance P (10−8 M) or 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (10−5 M). The residual response to 5-HT, after the addition of a maximally effective concentration of ICS 205–930 (10−6 M), was further reduced by hyoscine (10−7M). When that part of the 5-HT response attributable to the release of acetylcholine was blocked by hyoscine (10−7M), ICS 205–930 did not further modify the response to 5-HT. The hyoscine-resistant component was, however, sustantially depressed by tetrodotoxin (3.5 × 10−7 M). The response remaining after ICS 205–930 and hyoscine was not affected by methysergide (2 × 10− 5 M) or cyproheptadine (10−7 M). We conclude that there are ICS 205–930 sensitive 5-HT receptors on cholinergic secretomotor neurons, and ICS 205–930, methysergide, and cyproheptadine insensitive 5-HT receptors on non-cholinergic secretomotor neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00736055
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light- and electron-microscopic immunochemical analysis of nerve fibre types innervating the taenia of the guinea-pig caecum (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 270 (1992), S. 125-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enteric nervous system ; Caecum ; Neurochemistry ; Neuropeptides ; Nitric oxide synthase ; Chemical coding ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present work was undertaken to determine by immunocytochemical methods which of the putative enteric neurotransmitters are contained in axons supplying the guinea-pig taenia coli and what proportion of axons is accounted for by the presence of these substances. Numerous fibres displayed immunoreactivity for dynorphin (DYN), enkephalin (ENK), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), but, in contrast to other gut regions, fibres showing immunoreactivity for gastrin-releasing peptide, galanin and neuropeptide Y were rare in the taenia. Fibres reactive for calbindin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, 5-hydroxytryptamine and somatostatin were also rare. Tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity (TH-LI) was present in numerous fibres that disappeared after extrinsic denervation, a procedure that did not detectably affect any of the other major groups of fibres. Simultaneous staining of extrinsically denervated preparations revealed that SP-LI and VIP-LI were located in separate fibres, and ultrastructural studies showed these to be 58% and 33% of intrinsic fibres supplying the muscle. Immunoreactivity for the general marker, neuron-specific enolase, was located in 95–98% of axons. ENK-LI and DYN-LI were in the same axons, and similar proportions of the fibres with either SP-LI or VIP-LI, about 85%, contained immunoreactivity for ENK and DYN. All VIP-LI fibres, but no SP-LI fibres, were reactive for NOS. The results imply that the taenia of the guinea-pig caecum is innervated by two major groups of enteric neurons: (i) excitatory neurons that contain ACh, SP, other tachykinins, and, in most cases, DYN-LI and ENK-LI; and (ii) inhibitory neurons that contain NOS-LI, VIP-LI, in most cases, the two opioids and, quite probably, ATP as a transmitter. GABA-LI is contained in a smaller population of intrinsic axons. Even though the taenia represents one of the simplest tissues for examining transmission from enteric neurons to intestinal muscle, it shares some of the complexity of other regions, in that four major axon types supply the muscle and both the enteric excitatory and enteric inhibitory neurons contain multiple transmitters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381887
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Total numbers of neurons in myenteric ganglia of the guinea-pig small intestine (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 272 (1993), S. 197-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Myenteric plexus ; Intestine, small ; Neurons ; Enteric nervous system ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two techniques that are thought to stain all of the neurons in the myenteric ganglia of the intestine are NADH diaphorase histochemistry and immunhistochemistry using a “nerve cell body” antiserum. However, this assumption has never been directly verified. In the present study myenteric ganglia of the guinea-pig ileum were prepared as whole-mounts and stained with either of these techniques. All nerve cells that could be identified in the whole-mounts were counted. The whole-mounts were then embedded flat in resin and serially sectioned at 1 μm. Nerve cells were identified and counted from the serial sections, and the data compared to those obtained from the whole-mounts. NADH diaphorase histochemistry did not reveal all the neurons at incubation times that gave selective staining. In contrast, “nerve cell body” antiserum stained the entire neuronal population. To determine the total number of nerve cell bodies/ganglion and the proportion of nerve cell bodies with calbindin immunoreactivity, whole-mounts that had been processed for calbindin immunohistochemistry were serially sectioned and reconstructed. The total number of neurons per myenteric ganglion was 105±10 (SE). Calbindin-immunoreactive neurons comprised about 20% of the myenteric neurons, which is considerably less than previous estimates, because previously the total population has been underestimated. The spatial density of myenteric neurons in the undistended ileum of the guinea-pig is 17300 nerve cells/cm2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00323587
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calretinin immunoreactivity of motor neurons in the guinea-pig distal colon and taenia coli (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 284 (1996), S. 367-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Calretinin ; Calcium-binding protein ; Enteric nervous system ; Distal colon ; Taenia coli ; Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) ; Substance P ; γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Calretinin is a calcium-binding protein which occurs in neurons and endocrine cells, including neurons throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Calretinin-immunoreactive (IR) neurons innervate the circular muscle in the guinea-pig distal colon and have descending as well as ascending projections. This suggests that calretinin-IR is in motor neurons, but whether it might be in excitatory or inhibitory motor neurons or both was previously undetermined. The presence of calretinin-IR in neurons innervating the taenia coli has not been previously reported. Numerous fibres in the circular muscle of the distal colon and in the taenia coli displayed immunoreactivity for calretinin. Tachykinin (TK), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calretinin, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunoreactivity was also in fibres innervating these targets. The abundances of these fibres was estimated to be TK〉VIP〉calretinin〉GABA. Double label immunohistochemistry revealed the presence in both tissues of populations of calretinin-IR fibres which were also TK-IR, and fibres with calretinin and GABA-IR in the colon, but calretinin-IR fibres were never VIP-IR. TK- and VIP-IR were in separate populations of nerve fibres as were GABA- and TK-IR. It is concluded that calretinin-IR does not provide a definitive labelling of a physiologically known subgroup of motor neurons, either in the distal colon or in the taenia coli, but that calretinin is most likely to be in excitatory motor neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050597
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence that myenteric neurons of the gastric corpus project to both the mucosa and the external muscle: myectomy operations on the canine stomach (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 266 (1991), S. 475-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enteric nervous system ; Stomach ; Vasoactive intestinal peptide ; Galanin ; Gastrin-releasing peptide ; Substance P-Dog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of nerve cell bodies and fibres in the canine stomach was investigated using antibodies to the general neuronal marker, neuron-specific enolase. Prominent ganglia containing many reactive nerve cells were found in the myenteric plexus of the gastric corpus and antrum. Nerve cells were absent from the submucosa of the corpus and were extremely rare in the antrum. Renoval of areas of longitudinal muscle and myenteric plexus from the corpus (myectomy), with 7 days allowed for axon degeneration, resulted in the loss of fibres reactive for galanin, gastrin-releasing peptide, substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide from both the circular muscle and mucosa in the area covered by the lesion. Combined vagotomy and sympathetic denervation did not significantly affect these fibres, but did cause fibres reactive for calcitonin gene-related peptide to degenerate. It is concluded that the myenteric plexus of the gastric corpus, like the myenteric plexus of the small intestine and colon, is the source of nerve fibres innervating the circular muscle, but, in contrast to other regions of the gastrointestinal tract, myenteric ganglia, not submucous ganglia, are the major, or sole, source of the intrinsic innervation of the mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318588
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of enteric nerve cells projecting to the superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia of the guinea-pig (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 271 (1993), S. 333-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enteric nervous system ; Prevertebral ganglia ; Retrograde tracing ; Calbindin ; Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) ; Intestine ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Retrograde tracing, using Fast Blue dye, was employed to determine the distribution of enteric nerve cells that project to the superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric ganglia of the guinea-pig. Retrogradely labelled neurons were found in the myenteric but not submucous ganglia. When the superior mesenteric ganglion was injected, labelled neurons were found in low frequencies (less than 5 nerve cell bodies/cm2) in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and proximal colon. The distal colon was analysed in five segments of equal length (1–5; oral to anal). Segment 1 had about 4 labelled nerve cells/cm2, whereas segments 2 to 5 displayed an average of about 25 nerve cells/cm2. The rectum contained about 36 labelled neurons/cm2. After injection of the inferior mesenteric ganglia with Fast Blue, no labelled neurons were found in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum or caecum. No labelled cells were observed in the gallbladder. A small number of labelled cells occurred in the proximal colon and in segment 1 of the distal colon. The frequency of labelled cells increased markedly in the more anal regions of the distal colon, and reached a peak in the rectum (138 cells/cm2). Both nerve lesions and immersion of the cut nerve in Fast Blue solution showed that the superior mesenteric nerve carries the axons of neurons located in the middle distal colon to the superior mesenteric ganglion. Almost half of the neurons in the rectum that project to the inferior mesenteric ganglia do so via the hypogastric nerves. Of neurons that projected to the inferior or superior mesenteric ganglia from the colon or rectum, similar proportions (about 75–80%) showed immunoreactivity for calbindin or VIP. For each of the prevertebral ganglia (coeliac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric) the great majority of peripheral inputs arise from the large intestine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318620
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localisation of cholinergic markers in putative intrinsic primary afferent neurons of the guinea-pig small intestine (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 294 (1998), S. 35-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Choline acetyltransferase ; Vesicular acetylcholine transporter ; Enteric nervous system ; Sensory neurons ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Antibodies against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) were used to determine whether neurons that have previously been identified as intrinsic primary afferent neurons in the guinea-pig small intestine have a cholinergic phenotype. Cell bodies of primary afferent neurons in the myenteric plexus were identified by their calbindin immunoreactivity and those in the submucous plexus by immunoreactivity for substance P. High proportions of both were immunoreactive for ChAT, viz. 98% of myenteric calbindin neurons and 99% of submucosal substance P neurons. ChAT immunoreactivity also occurred in all nerve cell bodies immunoreactive for calretinin and substance P in the myenteric plexus, but in only 16% of nerve cells immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase. VAChT immunoreactivity was in the majority of calbindin-immunoreactive varicosities in the myenteric ganglia, submucous ganglia and mucosa and also in the majority of the varicosities of neurons that were immunoreactive for calretinin and somatostatin and that had been previously established as being cholinergic. We conclude that the intrinsic primary afferent neurons are cholinergic and that they may release transmitter from their sensory endings in the mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051154
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of enteric nerve cells that project to the coeliac ganglion of the guinea-pig (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 269 (1992), S. 119-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enteric nervous system ; Coeliac ganglion ; Retrograde tracing ; Calbindin ; Vasoactive intestinal peptide ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The digestive tract of the guinea-pig, from the esophagus to the rectum, was examined in detail to determine the distribution and relative abundances of neurons in these organs that project to the coeliac ganglion and the routes by which their axons reach the ganglion. A retrogradely transported neuronal marker, Fast Blue, was injected into the coeliac ganglion. The esophagus, stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, duodenum, small intestine, caecum, proximal colon, distal colon and rectum were analysed for labelled neurons. Retrogradely labelled neurons were found only in the myenteric plexus of these organs, and in the pancreas. No labelled neurons were found in the gallbladder or the fundus of the stomach, or in the submucous plexus of any region. A small number of labelled neurons was found in the gastric antrum. An increasing density of labelled neurons was found along the duodenum. Similarly, an increasing density of labelled neurons was found from proximal to distal along the jejuno-ileum. However, the greates densities of labelled neurons were in the large intestine. many labelled neurons were found in the caecum, including a high density underneath its taeniae. An increasing density of labelled neurons was found along the length of the proximal colon, and labelled neurons were found in the distal colon and rectum. In total, more labelled cell bodies occurred in the large intestine than in the small intestine. The routes taken by the axons of viscerofugal neurons were ascertained by lesioning the nerve bundles which accompany vessels supplying regions of the digestive tract. Viscerofugal neurons of the caecum project to the coeliac ganglion via the ileocaeco-colic nerves; neurons in the proximal colon project to the ganglion via the right colic nerves, and neurons in the distal colon project to the ganglion via the mid colic and intermesenteric nerves. Neurons in the rectum project to the coeliac ganglion via the intermesenteric nerves. These nerves (except for the intermesenterics) all join nerve bundles from the small intestine that follow the superior mesenteric artery. All viscerofugal neurons of the caecum were calbindin-immunoreactive (calb-IR) and 94% were immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP-IR). In the proximal colon, 49% of labelled neurons were calb-IR and 85% were VIP-IR. In the distal colon, 80% of labelled neurons were calb-IR and 71% were VIP-IR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384732
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...