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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental exposure to cadmium and renal function of elderly women living in cadmium-polluted areas of the Federal Republic of Germany (1985)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 55 (1985), S. 217-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Environmental exposure ; Renal function ; Hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An epidemiological study was performed to assess whether environmental pollution by cadmium as found in cadmium-polluted areas of the Federal Republic of Germany is associated with an increased prevalence of biological signs of kidney dysfunction in population groups non-occupationally exposed to heavy metals. The study was run in two industrial areas known to be highly contaminated by cadmium, lead and other heavy metals, viz. Stolberg and Duisburg. Dusseldorf was selected as a reference area. As a study population we selected 65- and 66-year-old women (n = 286) who had spent the major part of their lives in one of these areas. The average cadmium levels in blood (CdB) and urine (CdU) revealed significant differences in exposure to cadmium in the order Stolberg 〉 Duisburg 〉 Düsseldorf. Serum creatinine levels were, on average, significantly higher in the Stolberg group than in the Duisburg and Düsseldorf groups. However, with respect to the urinary excretion of low molecular weight proteins (β 2-microglobulin, retinol-binding protein), albuminuria, total proteinuria, aminoaciduria, phosphaturia and some other biological findings, no significant differences between the study populations were noted. Similarly, the prevalence of clinically-confirmed hypertension as well as the relative frequency of hypertensive subjects (systolic ≥ 160 and/or diastolic ≥ 95 mm Hg) did not differ significantly among the three study groups. There was no exposure-reponse relationship between CdU and tubular proteinuria in the range of the CdU-levels found (0.1 to 5.2 μg/g creatinine). However, albuminuria tended to be increased at CdU levels 〉 2 μg/g creatinine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383755
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human exposure to volatile halogenated hydrocarbons from the general environment (1986)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 58 (1986), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Chloroform ; 1,1,1-Trichloroethane ; Trichloroethylene ; Tetrachloroethylene ; Environmental exposure ; Biological monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The objective of this study was to assess individual human exposure to volatile halogenated hydrocarbons (VHH) under normal environmental conditions by means of biological monitoring, i.e. by the measurement of these compounds or their metabolites in body fluids, such as blood, serum, and urine. Blood samples of 39 normal subjects without known occupational exposure to these agents were examined for the occurrence of VHH. The following compounds were present in quantifiable concentrations in 60 to 95% of the blood samples examined: chloroform (median 0.2 μg/l; range 〈 0.1–1.7 μg/l), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (median 0.2 μg/l; range 〈 0.1–3.4 μg/l), tetrachloroethylene (median 0.4 μg/l; range 〈 0.1–3.7 μg/l). Trichloroethylene could be detected in 31% of all blood samples (median 〈 0.1 μg/l; range 〈 0.1–1.3 μg/l). In addition, the levels of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) were determined in serum and 24-h urine samples of 43 and 94, respectively, normal subjects. TCA was present in measurable concentrations in all serum and urine samples examined. The median of the TCA levels in serum was 21.4 μg/l (range 4.8–221.2 μg/l) and in urine 6.0 μg/24 h (range 0.6–261.4 μg/24 h). The results are discussed in relation to data from the literature on human exposure to VHH from the general environment, i.e. via air, food, and water. The upper normal limits calculated from the results of this investigation can be used to detect even minor excessive exposures to VHH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380765
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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