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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Nudibranch ; Hypselodoris ; sponge ; Dysidea ; Pleraplysilla ; Microciona ; furanosesquiterpenoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The opisthobranch molluscHypselodoris webbi is able to select, among its potential preys, sponges chemically rich in furanosesquiterpenoids. The sequestered secondary metabolites act as defensive allomones against predators and are accumulated in some dorsal glands (MDFs). This transfer from sponges to MDFs has been proven by maintainingH. webbi together with some selected sponges in an aquarium for a prolonged period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Nudibranch ; sponge ; Cacospongia mollior ; Hypselodoris orsini ; sesterterpenoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The metabolic relationship between the marine molluscHypselodoris orsini and the spongeCacospongia mollior has been reinvestigated. The predator-prey association has been confirmed even though the metabolic patterns of the two invertebrates are substantially different. Most probably the nudibranch converts the main sponge metabolite, the sesterterpenoid scalaradial (1), into a less oxygenated related metabolite, deoxoscalarin (4), followed by a second chemical transformation leading to a new sesterterpenoid, 6-keto-deoxoscalarin (5) which is selectively compartmentalized into some dorsal glands, mantle dermal formations (MDFs), strategically distributed near the gills. 6-keto-deoxoscalarin (5) has been characterized by 1D and 2D NMR methods. Finally, the unusual association of some Chromodorididae molluscs with sponges containing sesterterpenoids suggests a further analysis of their taxonomical collocation is required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 220 (1979), S. 297-301 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Epilepsy ; IgA deficiency ; Hydantoins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 12% der Patienten mit Anfalleiden wurden verminderte Serum-IgA-Konzentrationen festgestellt. Die Entstehung des IgA-Mangels hängt von der Hydantointherapie sowie von anfallauslösenden Faktoren ab. Die Verfolgung der individuellen IgA-Serumkonzentrationen über 11/2 bis 2 Jahre zeigt nun, daß bei den einzelnen Patienten der IgA-Mangel ein konstantes Merkmal ist. Markante Änderungen der IgA-Werte wurden nach Einsetzen oder Absetzen der Hydantoinmedikation festgestellt. Allerdings sind IgA-Mangelzustände auch bei unbehandelten Anfallkranken nachgewiesen worden. Eine neue Einteilung des Immundefektes bei Anfallkranken wird vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: Summary Up to 12% of epileptic patients have subnormal IgA serum concentrations. Previous observations suggest that IgA deficiency is correlated with hydantoin treatment and also with the type of seizure. In a followup study it is shown that IgA deficiency in epileptics is a rather constant feature of a given patient. The most pronounced changes in IgA levels were seen in patients in whom the hydantoin medication also changed. However, low IgA levels have also been reported in untreated epileptics. A new classification for the immunodeficiency state in epileptics is introduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 217 (1978), S. 207-212 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Epilepsy ; Immunoglobulin ; IgA deficiency ; Human genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Patienten mit Anfalleiden wurden verminderte Serum-IgA-Konzentrationen festgestellt. Weitere Studien zeigten, daß tiefe IgA-Werte vor allem bei Patienten (bis 25%) nachweisbar sind, die unter Hydantoinmedikation stehen und bei denen entweder eine familiäre Häufung von Anfalleiden oder anderen ins Gewicht fallenden konstitutionellen Faktoren bekannt sind. Um mehr Informationen über die Beziehung des IgA-Mangels zur konstitutionell erhöhten cerebralen Anfallbereitschaft zu erhalten, wurden 9 Familien mit jeweils mehreren Anfallkranken untersucht: 16 von 19 (84%) Patienten (drei davon ohne Hydantoinbehandlung) zeigten einen IgA-Mangel, welcher bei 45 anfallfreien Angehörigen nicht nachweisbar war; hingegen hatten vier dieser Verwandten nicht meßbare IgM-Serumkonzentrationen. Die Untersuchung weiterer 7 Familien mit jeweils nur einem Anfallkranken mit IgA-Mangel brachte bei 58 Angehörigen keine weiteren IgA-Mangelzustände, hingegen bei 24 Personen hohe IgM-Serumkonzentrationen. Die familiäre Häufung von IgA-Mangel und Anfalleiden sowie von abnormen IgM-Serumkonzentrationen bei anfallfreien Angehörigen unterstützen die Hypothese, daß eine Assoziation von Immunstörungen und bestimmten Formen der Epilepsie besteht.
    Notes: Summary Serum levels of IgA were found to be reduced in some patients with epilepsy. Further studies revealed that only epileptics with constitutional factors for seizures showed, if ever, IgA deficiency, particularly those treated with hydantoins (up to 25%). In order further to substantiate the association of immunoglobulin alterations with epilepsy nine families in whom the disease was clustered were investigated. An IgA deficiency was detected in 16 of the 19 epileptics (three without hydantoin medication), but in none of their 45 non-epileptic relatives. However, four of the relatives had a low IgM. Seven other families were tested in each of which only one IgA deficient epileptic was known. No other family members were found with a low IgA, but 24 of 58 such relatives had increased IgM serum concentrations. The association of IgA deficiency and epilepsy with IgM imbalances in relatives of IgA deficient epileptics gives additional support for the hypothesis that immune imbalances and certain forms of epilepsy might be linked.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 625-636 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Opisthobranch ; nudibranch ; Hypselodoris webbi ; Hypselodoris ; villafranca ; sponge ; Dysidea fragilis ; chemical defense ; longifolin ; nakafuran-9 ; isotavacfuran
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Hypselodoris nudibranchs from different geographic areas (Spain and Italy) have been studied in order to investigate their general defensive strategy. Longifolin (1) and nakafuran-9 (2) are the main ichthyodeterrent allomones used by the mollusks to avoid predation. Evidence of their dietary origin is presented and the very effective strategy against predators, which includes secretion of allomones into the mucus and their storage into specific mantle dermal formations (MDFs), is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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