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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Functional organization of the direct and indirect projection via the reticularis thalami nuclear complex from the motor cortex to the thalamic nucleus ventralis lateralis (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 79 (1990), S. 325-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Motor cortex ; Reticular thalamic nuclear complex ; Ventrolateral thalamic nucleus ; Intracortical microstimulation ; WGA-HRP-Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The projection systems which arise from the motor cortex to reach the nucleus ventralis lateralis (VL) were investigated in the rat. They included a direct as well as an indirect projection via the reticularis thalami nuclear complex (RT). The investigation was performed in two steps: i) the former concerned the projection to the VL as well as to the RT from individual cortical foci electrophysiologically identified by the motor effects evoked by electrical stimulation; the second step concerned the projection from the RT to functionally defined regions of the VL. The direct projection from the motor cortex to the VL is somatotopically arranged. The projection reciprocates the fiber system directed from the VL to the motor cortex. Thus cortical zones controlling the motor activity of the proximal segments of the limbs project onto the regions of the VL that project back to these same cortical areas. With regard to cortical zones controlling the motor activity of the distal segments of the limbs, they not only project to the region of the VL specifically related to them, but also to the region of the VL associated with the cortical areas responsible for movements of the proximal parts of the same limb. In that case fiber terminals were more dense in the VL region controlling the proximal segment than in the region controlling the distal segment of the same limb. This organization suggests that proximal adjustments may be automatically provided by the motor activity of the distal segments of the same limb. The motor cortex projects to the rostral region of the RT with a precise topographical organization. In particular, the projection shows a dorsoventral organization in the RT in relation to the caudorostral body representation in the motor cortex. The projection which arises from the rostral region of the RT also reaches the VL with a topographical arrangement. It discloses a rostrocaudal organization in the VL in relation to a dorsoventral displacement in the RT. Comparing the projection from the motor cortex to the RT and that from this nuclear complex to the VL it was shown that the regions of the VL and their receptive cortical areas were associated with the same regions of the RT. It was therefore concluded that the motor cortical projection to the VL relayed by the RT is somatotopically organized. In both direct and relayed pathways the projections from “hind-” and “forelimb” motor area are segregated, whereas the “head” projection overlaps, at least partially, the “forelimb” terminal field. The cortico-VL and the cortico-RT-VL pathways differ by the higher complexity of the former system. Projections from the cortical zones of proximal and distal segments of the limbs largely overlap in RT whereas direct cortico-VL connections disclose a precise complex arrangement. Finally, the possible influence of the two pathways upon thalamic motor relay cells is suggested.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00608242
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The pattern in the projection of the intracerebellar nuclei onto the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis in the cat. An experimental anatomical study (1972)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 16 (1972), S. 140-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis ; Cerebellar nuclei ; Experimental anatomy ; Cat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Intensity and distribution of degeneration in the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (N.r.t.) were mapped in silver impregnated sections following stereotactic lesions of the intracerebellar nuclei. Confirming previous results (Brodal and Szikla, 1972) fibres from the interpositus-lateralis-complex, reaching the N.r.t. by way of the crossed descending limb of the brachium conjunctivum, supply the main central part of the N.r.t. from rostral to caudal. The interpositus posterior does not appear to take part in this projection, nor do the ventralmost parts of the lateral cerebellar nucleus (NL). The caudal part of the latter appears to give off more fibres than its rostral part. Rostral and caudal parts of the interpositus anterior (NIA) appear to contribute approximately equally. Fibres from both nuclei terminate in a largely overlapping fashion in the central main regions of the N.r.t. On the whole the NIA projection is situated a little more medially than the NL projection (Fig. 8). Within both projections caudal parts of the nuclei tend to project somewhat more medially than lateral parts, especially caudally. Certain findings suggest that there may be more detailed topical relations. The organization in the cerebellar-nuclear projection onto the N.r.t. corresponds in principle to the pattern found for its other afferent contingents (especially from the cerebral cortex, Brodal and Brodal, 1971). In spite of wide overlapping there is some degree of topical order.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233994
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A cerebellar projection onto the pontine nuclei an experimental anatomical study in the cat (1972)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 16 (1972), S. 115-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Pontine nuclei ; Cerebellar nuclei ; Experimental anatomy ; Cat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Fibres passing from the intracerebellar nuclei to the pontine nuclei proper have been noted only by few students. In the present study this projection is analysed by mapping with the Nauta (1957) and Fink and Heimer (1967) methods the degeneration which occurs in the pontine nuclei following stereotactically placed electrolytic lesions in different parts of the intracerebellar nuclei in the cat. Cerebellopontine fibres come from the lateral cerebellar nucleus (NL) except its ventralmost part, and from the rostral but probably not from the caudal part of the interpositus anterior (NIA) and the interpositus posterior. The fibres end in three fairly well circumscribed regions of the pontine nuclei: a longitudinal column in the paramedian pontine nucleus, a column in the dorsolateral nucleus and one in the dorsal peduncular nucleus. Fibres from the NL as well as the NIA appear to end in all three regions, but the possibility of a more specific distribution cannot be excluded. Parts of the projection areas in the pons appear to be specific to cerebellar afferents, while other parts overlap with terminations of cerebropontine fibres, especially from SmI and SmII. The findings support the conclusions arrived at in recent studies of the cerebral corticopontine projections by P. Brodal (1968a, 1968b, 1971a, 1971 b) that the pontine nuclei are very precisely organized. The general principles in the organization of the corticopontine and cerebellopontine projections appear to be similar.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233993
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