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  • Encephalitis  (2)
  • Extraocular muscles  (2)
  • Atheromatous Material  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rabies encephaloradiculomyelitis (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 51 (1980), S. 245-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Rabies ; Encephalitis ; Virus ; Rhabdovirus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 50-year-old carpenter died in Western Pennsylvania of rabies on January 4, 1979. He had been hospitalized in an intensive care unit for 28 days. The diagnosis was made postmortem from light and electron microscopic examination of central nervous system tissue. Immunofluorescence studies confirmed the diagnosss later. No animal exposure was confirmed in this case. The clinical and neuropathologic findings of the patient are correlated. The importance of recognizing rabies and the protection of personnel who perform autopsies on these patients is emphasized. In addition, rabies should be considered in the differential diagnosis of radiculomyelitis (Guillain-Barré syndrome) and, in general, in any case of meningoencephalitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687393
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraocular muscles light microscopy and ultrastructural features (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 237-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Strabismus ; Extraocular muscles ; Hirano bodies ; Ultrastructure ; Luse bodies ; Leptomeres
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty extraocular muscles (EOM) from 20 patients were evaluated by light microscopy (LM), electron microscopy (EM), and enzyme histochemistry (EZH). Twenty-one EOM were obtained from 13 patients with strabismus, 9 EOM from 4 patients undergoing eye surgery for other reasons and from 3 autopsy cases. One μm thick sections revealed marked variation in muscle fibre shape and size and in myofibrillar structure; also noted were small, hypertrophied, whorled, and ringbinden fibres. Dense and granular material in the central portion of some fibres and sarcomere disruption in 2–3 μm sections was observed. EZH revealed the absence of the classical mosaic pattern usually found in skeletal muscles. ATPase studies were inconsistent and did not correlate with the expected reciprocal activity of NAD-H diaphorase, particularly on the large fibres. Ultrastructural features consisted of vacuoles within myofilament bundles, “smearing” of Z bands, and “nemaline rods”. Occasional myelin figures and lipid-like droplets were observed in subsarcolemmal spaces, associated with scattered clusters of glycogen granules. Abnormal mitochondria and subsarcolemmal inclusions of dense and granular material were conspicuous. “Leptomeric” profiles, “Zebra bodies”, or “striated bodies” were noted in 8 EOM's, and an Hirano body was found in 1. The intramuscular nerves contained structures resembling “Luse bodies” in 7 cases. These observations suggest that EOM from individuals with and without strabismus possess unique structural characteristics suggestive of developmental and morphological disarrangement of contractile elements. Some of these changes might play a role in the pathogenesis of strabismus and in the development of clinical symptoms. These features are significantly different from striated skeletal muscle. Therefore the criteria used in the pathological evaluation and diagnosis of skeletal muscle disorders cannot be unequivocally applied to EOM investigations. These data establish the necessity to determine histological norms, ultrastructural patterns, and develop new enzyme histochemistry criteria for the evaluation of EOM. Only then can an acceptable comparison of EOM and skeletal muscle be made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688678
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraocular muscles: Morphogenetic study in humans light microscopy and ultrastructural features (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 38 (1977), S. 87-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Human fetal muscle ; Electron microscopy ; Motor end-plate ; Extraocular muscles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of human extraocular muscles (EOM) was studied in a series of fetal specimens (12–24 weeks gestation). EOM were evaluated by enzyme histochemistry (EZ) (NADH and ATPase), by differential phase contrast microscopy (DPC) and electron microscopy (EM). In the early fetus (14 weeks), there was no clear-cut sub-division into fibre types. A uniform histochemical reaction was seen with NADH while ATPase showed light and dark myotubes. Myotubes contained large central nuclei, prominent eccentric nucleoli, abundant glycogen granules, free ribosomes, numerous mitochondria, and dense and looser bundles of myofilaments. Mesenchymal cells undergoing mitosis and fibroblasts with prominent stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum were scattered within endomysium. Mast cells with well formed cytoplasmic granules were found as early as 18–24 weeks. The same specimens by DPC showed differentiation into at least 4 different fibre types at 12 weeks. All the intramuscular nerves at 12–16 weeks were composed of unmyelinated fibres. At 18 weeks, myelinated axons were present. Morphologically immature end-plates devoid of junctional folds were found at 12 weeks. The motor innervation of some EOM appears to be derived from more than one axon (multiple innervated fibres). At 18 weeks gestational age, differentiation into fibre types became apparent by enzyme histochemistry. These histochemical and morphological findings suggest that morphologically mature endplates are not prerequisites for differentiation into muscle fibre types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688553
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aseptic meningitis due to atheromatous material in the subarachnoid space (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 145-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Aseptic Meningitis ; Atheromatous Material ; Hypersensitivity ; Electron Microscopy ; Macrophages ; Pia-Arachnoid ; Granuloma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 500 mg of sterile pooled human atheromatous material was injected into the cisterna magna of 6 mongrel dogs. Repeated cisternal punctures were done at various intervals until sacrifice from 1 day to 28 days following injection. CSF was obtained for cell count, sugar, protein and analysis in the Technicon 6/60 which measured 14 additional chemical and enzymatic variables. All 6 animals showed a prompt cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis which largely subsided during the first 2 weeks after injection. Increased CSF protein content developed more slowly, but was more prolonged than the pleocytosis. There was a variable decrease in CSF sugar and increase in CSF lactate dehydrogenase, calcium and inorganic phosphorous. Light and electron microscopic studies showed an intense acute inflammatory reaction with marked phagocytosis of the foregin material, probably by arachnoidal cells and moderate edematous changes in the astrocytic processes at the site of injection. During the first 2 weeks after the injection the inflammatory reaction became chronic and the edematous changes in the medulla subsided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685439
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granulomatous encephalitis, intracranial arteritis, and mycotic aneurysm due to a free-living ameba (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 49 (1980), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Free-living amebas ; Encephalitis ; Granuloma ; Acanthamoeba ; Naegleria ; “Mycotic aneurysm”
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Primary amebic meningoencephalitis and granulomatous amebic encephalitis are well recognized clinicopathological entities caused by free-living amebas. Associated arteritis and “mycotic aneurysms” with infiltration of intracranial arteries by lymphocytes, amebic trophozoites and cysts have not been previously reported. A 26-month-old girl had a 3-week history of encephalitis, characterized, initially, by vomiting and lowgrade fever. Subsequently, she developed ataxia, generalized weakness, lethargy, and esotropia. The first CSF showed 490 RBC/μl, 705 WBC/μl with 90% mononuclears. Her pupils reacted briskly to light. Moderate nuchal rigidity, nystagmus, fixed downward gaze, anisocoria, bilateral 6th nerve palsy, left arm monoparesis and left Babinski were present. CAT scan revealed slight symmetrical dilatation of anterior horns of lateral ventricles and an area of abnormal enhancement above the 3rd ventricle. She died 14 days after admission, 5 weeks after onset of symptoms. The brain showed focal necrotizing encephalopathy, involving thalami, cerebellum, brain stem, and cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord. Numerous free-living amebic trophozoites and cysts were present within a chronic granulomatous encephalitis. There were thrombosis of basilar, posterior cerebral, and vertebral arteries with profuse chronic panarteritis, fibrinoid necrosis, and mycotic aneurysms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692213
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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