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  • Flowing solution culture  (3)
  • Soil acidity  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    pH optima for crop growth (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 339-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcium ; Cassava ; Chemical composition ; Control of solution pH ; Copper ; Flowing solution culture ; French bean ; Ginger ; Hydrogen ion injury ; Magnesium ; Maize ; Manganese ; Nitrogen ; Optimum pH range ; pH ; Plant growth ; Root weight ratio ; Tomato ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ginger, cassava, maize, wheat, french bean and tomato were grown for periods up to six weeks in continuously flowing nutrient solutions at seven constant pH values ranging from 3.3 to 8.5. All species achieved maximum or near-maximum growth in the pH range 5.5 to 6.5. However, there were substantial differences in the ability of species to grow outside this range. Ginger and cassava were the most tolerant species to low solution pH, while ginger and tomato were the only species to show no yield depression at the highest solution pH. Roots of all species at pH 3.3 and some species at pH 4.0 exhibited symptoms of hydrogen ion injury. In addition, the concentrations of magnesium in the tops of all six species, of nitrogen in the tops of tomato and cassava, and of manganese in the tops of maize at these pH values were inadequate for optimal growth. Growth depression at high solution pH was associated with iron deficiency in maize and wheat and with nitrogen and/or copper deficiency in cassava. The relevance of the present results to crop growth under field conditions is discussed. The complex interplay of plant and soil characteristics militates against precise definition of an optimum pH range for the growth of a particular crop unless the soil is also specified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181830
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential response of six cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) cultivars to liming in an ultisol (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 59 (1981), S. 61-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylen reduction assay ; Aluminium toxicity ; Chemical composition ; Cowpea ; Cultivar tolerance to soil acidity ; Liming ; Nitrogen deficiency ; Nitrogenase activity ; Nodulation ; Relative dry matter yields ; Soil acidity ; Ultisol ; Lime-induced yield depression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The differential response of six cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) cultivars to liming was assessed in a greenhouse trial using an Ultisol (Typic Paleudult) from southeastern Nigeria. Lime rates from 0 to 5.0 t/ha were applied to give a range of soil pH, determined in 1∶1 soil/water from 4.25 to about 7.0. Without liming, relative dry matter yields of tops ranged between 46.6 and 76.8 percent. Significant yield responses to the first lime increment (0.5 t/ha) were observed particularly in the less tolerant cultivars and maximum yields were generally obtained with application of 1.6 to 2.5 t/ha lime. Among the six cultivars, TVu 4557 and Ife Brown were most tolerant, Vita-1 and Vita-3 were moderately tolerant, and TVu 1977-OD and TVu 4552 were least tolerant to soil acidity. The latter two cultivars were the most poorly nodulated when grown in the unlimed soil. The first lime increment enabled excellent nodulation to be achieved in all cultivars. Nitrogen analyses on tops confirmed the visual symptoms of nitrogen deficiency in two cultivars (Vita-1, TVu 1977-OD) grown in the unlimed soil. Analysis of data on chemical composition of plant tops and chemical soil characteristics gave indications that aluminium toxicity is the major growth limiting factor for cowpeas in this soil. This study, albeit with a limited range of cowpea germplasm clearly indicates that cowpea possesses considerable potential as a grain legume on strongly acid soils (pH〈5.0), even in circumstances where lime is not available. Low rates of lime (0.5 t/ha or less) will greatly expand the available choice of cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183592
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the flowing soulution culture techniques to studies involving mycorrhizas (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 59 (1981), S. 179-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cassava ; Flowing solution culture ; Mycorrhiza ; Phosphorus nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A technique to study mycorrhizal effects on growth and P-uptake of cassava (Manihot escultenta, Crantz) grown in flowing solution culture is described. Phosphorus concentrations were carefully maintained constant at 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μM by daily analyses and adjustment of the nutrient solutions. Inoculation with mycorrhizal roots hada positiveeffect on P content of plant tissue and/or plant growth only at the two lowest P-concentrations in soulution. These concentrations are two to three orders of magnitude lower than those normally used in conventional nutrient solution cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183607
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of plants to calcium concentration in flowing solution culture with chloride or sulphate as the counter-ion (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 98 (1987), S. 377-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcium deficiency symptoms ; Calcium concentration in tops ; Chloride toxicity ; Flowing solution culture ; Sulphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Solution calcium concentrations required for the growth of a range of plant species, including both monocotyledons and dicotyledons, were determined in two experiments in which plants were grown in flowing solution culture at constantly maintained calcium concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 3000 μM. Calcium chloride was used as the calcium source in the first experiment, calcium sulphate was used in the second. At calcium concentrations of 10 μM and below, all species developed calcium deficiency symptoms. The severity of the deficiency was more pronounced in the dicotyledons than in the monocotyledons. However, cassava was much more tolerant than all other dicotyledons and equally as tolerant as rice, the most tolerant monocotyledon. Solution calcium concentrations required for 90% of maximum yield were generally lower for monocotyledons (3 to 20 μM) than for dicotyledons (7 to 720μM) when calcium chloride was used as the calcium source. When calcium sulphate was used, 7 out of 11 species, including 3 monocotyledons, required external calcium concentrations of 1200 μM and above. The results are discussed in relation to effects of solution composition and the choice of counter-ions on plant response to calcium and other macronutrient cations. It is concluded that yield depressions due to toxicity of excesses of chloride, and possibly other counter-ions, can lead to serious underestimation of limiting external cation concentrations for plant growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02378359
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen and aluminium tolerance (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 99 (1987), S. 31-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aluminium ; Hydrogen ; Soil acidity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Reduced productivity due to soil acidity has been demonstrated with subterranean clover and wheat in many parts of Australia. Nodulation in clover appears to be more sensitive to low pH than growth of the host plant in the presence of adequate mineral nitrogen. Low pH is associated with aluminium toxicity in a number of species and nodulation in clover is more sensitive than growth of the host plant to Al. Decrease in soil pH is associated with significant increases in exchangeable Al. The breeding of Al tolerant wheats in Australia involves a backcross programme utilizing the transfer of tolerance from the Brazilian cultivar Carazinho.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370151
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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