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  • Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry  (6)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling  (5)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A combined theoretical and experimental study of the binding and interaction of valproic acid (VPA) with the bacterial cytochrome P450cam enzyme and the determination of regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation product distribution was performed. From the experiments, C4—;OH VPA was found to be the predominant hydroxylation product with a small amount of C5—OH VPA formed. The experimental stereoselectivity of hydroxylation was 2R4S 〉 ∼ 2S4R 〉 2R4R 〉 ∼ 2S4S and 2S5 〉 ∼ 2R5. The overall goals of the theoretical study were twofold: (1) to characterize as completely as possible, using energy optimization and molecular dynamics simulations, the interactions of flexible ligands with their target proteins, and (2) to determine the extent to which these results could be used to develop criteria to predict or explain the experimentally observed regio- and stereoselectivity of hydroxylation of the flexible ligands. Among the useful insights into the behavior of flexible ligands upon binding to their traget proteins obtained are (1) a large change in conformation occurs for many conformers of VPA upon binding to P450cam, (2) low- energy conformers of VPA do not necessarily lead to optimum interactions with the target protein, and (3) the most favorable mode of interaction of this flexible ligand with the protein binding site has been identified and found to be a result of strong electrostatic interactions between VPA and both Tyr96 and Asp297. For the study of the hydroxylated VPA products, the challenging aspect of this problem was to determine criteria for weighing the contribution of each of the possible protein-ligand complexes. To this end, various possibilities were examined and compared with the experimental results. No single complex was found to reproduce the observed experimental regio- and stereoselectivity. This result indicates that more than one bioactive form of VPA contributes to its oxidation. Results most consistent with experiment are obtained by using the interaction energy of the protein-ligand complex as a criterion for including its contribution to product formation. Although there are remaining disparities between predicted and observed product distributions, the combined theoretical and experimental effort has led to insights into the modes of interaction of this flexible ligand that lead to its observed product specificity. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Les réactions de la 2-chloropurine et d'autre bases, catalysées par la xanthine oxidase, ont été étudiées avec des méthodes différentes basées sur l'idée des orbitales molécularies, telles que HMO, ω-SCF—HMO, et PPP. Ces études not démontré l'importance des indices de réactivité électronique pour comprendre les réactions d'enzymes. De plus il paraît possible de prédire la spécificité de l'enzyme d'une analyse systématique de la différence entre les sites de réactions prédits et observés dans des substrats avec des substituants 2- et 8-oxy.Les concepts de densité d'obritale de frontière, de superdélocalisabilité et d'énergie de localisation se sont avérés tres utiles. Les Méthodes différentes ont donné en général dees résultats consistants.
    Abstract: Ein genauses Studium der durch Xanthine-Oxidas katalysierten Reaktionen von 2-Chloropurin und anderen Basen mittels verschiedenen MO-Methoden, wie HMO, ω-SCF—HMO, PPP, zeigt dass die Enzymreaktionen in der Sprache von elektronischen Reaktivitätsindizes beschrieben werden können. Es scheint möglich das Enzymspezifizität von einer systematischen Analysis der Verschiedenheit zwischen theoretisch berechnbeten und observierten Reaktionslagen in Substraten Mit 2- und 8-oxy Substituenten vorherzusagen.De Regriffe der Grenzorbitaldichte, des Superdelokalisabilitäts und der Lokalisierungsenergie sind sich sehyr nützlich rewiesen. Verschiedence MO-Methoden gaben im allgemeinen übereinstimmende Resultate.
    Notes: A detailed study to the xanthine oxidase-catalyzed reactions of 2-chloropurine and other substrate bases with various molecular-orbital techniques such as HMO, ω-SCF—HMO, and ppp semiempirical SCF—LCAO—MO has shown that the enzyme reactions can be understood in terms of electronic reactivity indices. Furthermore, it appeared possible to suggest the enzyme specificity from a systematic analysis of discrepancy between mo theoretically predicted and observed reaction sites in substrates with 2- and 8-oxy substituents. In other words, the discrepancy does not necessarily indicate the failure of the MO melthodes for such substrates, but it is possible to utilize the result in correlating with binding specificity of the ES complex. This has been done specifically for 2-chloropurine.Among several electronic reacxtivity indices, frontier orbital density, superdelocalizability, and localization energy have been proved to be very useful. Diferent MO methods gave, in general, consistent results.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 11 (1990), S. 346-350 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Atomic partial charges for three model systems that mimic the metal-ligand moiety of the active site in the enzyme Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) have been calculated at the ab initio level. The model systems include copper and zinc complexes with imidazole, formate and ammonia ligands. The partial charges thus obtained have been incorporated into force fields for molecular simulations. Simulations carried out with these force fields justify the need for specialized charge assignments for the metals and their ligands.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Density functional theory is tested on a large ensemble of model compounds containing a wide variety of functional groups to understand better its ability to reproduce experimental molecular geometries, relative conformational energies, and dipole moments. We find that gradient-corrected density functional methods with triple-ζ plus polarization basis sets reproduce geometries well. Most bonds tend to be approximately 0.015 Å longer than the experimental results. Bond angles are very well reproduced and most often fall within a degree of experiment. Torsions are, on average, within 4 degrees of the experimental values. For relative conformational energies, comparisons with Hartree-Fock calculations and correlated conventional ab initio methods indicate that gradient-corrected density functionals easily surpass the Hartree-Fock approximation and give results which are nearly as accurate as MP2 calculations. For the 35 comparisons of conformational energies for which experimental data was available, the root mean square (rms) deviation for gradient-corrected functionals was approximately 0.5 kcal mol-1. Without gradient corrections, the rms deviation is 0.8 kcal mol-1, which is even less accurate than the Hartree-Fock calculations. Calculations with extended basis sets and with gradient corrections incorporated into the self-consistent procedure generate dipole moments with an rms deviation of 5%. Dipole moments from local density functional calculations, with more modest basis sets, can be scaled down to achieve roughly the same accuracy. In this study, all density functional geometries were generated by local density functional self-consistent calculations with gradient corrections added in a perturbative fashion. Such an approach generates results that are almost identical to the self-consistent gradient-corrected calculations, which require significantly more computer time. Timings on scalar and vector architectures indicate that, for moderately sized systems, our density functional implementation requires only slightly less computer resources than established Hartree-Fock programs. However, our density functional calculations scale much better and are significantly faster than their MP2 counterparts, whose results they approach. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 11 (1990), S. 743-753 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Two approaches to the simulation of internal rotation potential energies in substituted ethanes are formulated for general applications. Called the vicinal Fourier coefficient and vicinal pair energy methods, they differ only in form. The latter procedure has the advantage of yielding energy terms that represent pairwise interactions between vicinal substitutents. As numerical examples, the potential energies of ethane and five of its simple methyl and chloro derivatives are employed to simulate the corresponding energies of two higher derivatives of the series. The initial energy data were calculated by the molecular mechanics method (MM2) with geometry optimizations and the ab initio MO procedure (STO-3G) with standard geometries. Results indicate that simulated energies are reasonably accurate for the flexible-rotor model (MM2) and extremely accurate for the rigid-rotor model (STO-3G). Deviations appear to be systematic and may be rationalized on the basis of molecular structure.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 1-2 
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 26 (1994), S. 97-109 
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; venom ; host hemolymph ; plasma proteins ; regulation ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Investigations were conducted to determine the titer of storage proteins in larvae of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), that were parasitized by the ectoparasitoid Euplectrus comstockii Howard (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). A gradual increase was noted in the titer of the storage proteins present in the hemolymph of parasitized third and fourth instar larvae and in the hemolymph of isolated thoracic and abdominal tissues of fourth instar larvae. The final amount present in parasitized third and fourth instar larvae was similar to that found in nonparasitized fifth instar larvae. The stimulation of storage proteins in envenomed larvae demonstrates the ability (competence) of early larval stages to produce a gene product that normally occurs in the last larval stadium of the lepidopteran larval host. The gene expression necessary for storage protein production in isolated tissues may be altered by mechanisms separate from inherent developmental processes and the intact endocrine system. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 23 (1993), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: diapause protein ; poly(A)+ RNA ; larval diapause ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A diapause associated protein (DAP) (Mr 103,000) was isolated from the hemolymph and fat body of diapausing fourth instar larvae of the pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella. The protein has been named Pectinophora diapause protein (PDP). The in vitro translation peptide patterns of total RNA from the fat body of actively feeding fourth instar, wandering, prediapause, early diapause, mid-diapause, and late diapause larvae in rabbit reticulocyte lysates showed the presence of poly (A)+ RNA sequence of PDP. The antigen was immuno-precipitated by polyclonal antiserum. It was concluded that the transcription of the PDP gene in the fat body cells started in the late fourth instar larva and that the expression of this gene was regulated at the level of transcription in the fat body of diapausing larvae. Northern hybridization analysis revealed that wandering fourth instar larvae (diapause individuals) maintain a relatively low level of diapause message (mRNA/2.4 kb) in their fat body cells which may be necessary for the induction of diapause. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 281-291 
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: antennal lobe ; electrophysiology ; olfaction ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Recently, chemical analysis of solvent rinses of the external surfaces of pheromone glands from female Manduca sexta revealed a blend of 12 aldehydes, including the previously identified sex pheromone component, (E,Z)-10,12-hexadecadienal (bombykal). Previous electrophysiological studies showed that olfactory (deutocerebral) interneurons in the antennal lobes of males exhibited a wide range of responsiveness to pheromonal stimulation of the ipsilateral antenna. These experiments were performed with crude extracts of pheromone glands as well as two synthetic compounds: the major pheromone component, bombykal, and (E,Z)-11,13-pentadecadienal, a mimic of a second component of the female's pheromone blend. Using intracellular methods, we have now reexamined similar olfactory interneurons, using each of the 12 chemically identified components as well as synthetic blends of various combinations of them. Eight of the 12 components isolated from female glands elicited some form of response in olfactory interneurons in males. In accordance with biochemical and behavioral data, the most potent are bombykal and two trienals, (E,E,E)- and (E,E,Z)-10,12,14-hexadecatrienal. We also conclude that the C15 dienal is selective for one of the trienal receptors on the antenna, but is much less potent than the natural trienal stimulant.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 13 (1990), S. 83-94 
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: molt arrest ; 20-hydroxyecdysone ; juvenile hormone ; methoprene ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Parasitism by Euplectrus plathypenae inhibits larval-larval ecdysis in Trichoplusia ni by injecting nonparalytic factor(s) into the host during the stinging process via the parasitoid's ovipositor. The parasitized host moves freely, feeds, and gains weight prior to the time of the normal ecdysis but does not molt. Parasitoid development is not required for the expression of molt arrest in the host. Parasitism during the first three fourths of the larval stadium results in molt arrest. Arrestment of molting is independent of 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone. The arrestment factor(s) affect the epidermal tissue of the thorax and abdomen in ligated hosts without apparent interaction from other areas of the body. Cuticle and epidermal tissue of parasitized insects do not show signs of apolysis or ecdysis.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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