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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Gesamteiweiß ; Albumin ; Hypoalbuminämie ; Intensivpatienten ; Key words Total protein ; Hypoalbuminaemia ; Critically ill patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In clinical practice, the administration of supplementary albumin often depends on the measured plasma concentration of total protein (TPC). A TPC of less than 5 g/dl is generally accepted as an indication for albumin therapy, assuming an albumin concentration of less than 2.5 g/dl. However, a physiological relation between TPC and albumin cannot be expected in critically ill patients, and thus, measurement of TPC may be misleading as an indicator for the use of albumin. Therefore, we investigated the sensitivity and specificity of TPC testing for diagnosing hypoalbuminaemia requiring treatment. Methods. In this prospective study, 210 consecutive patients were included. Protein electrophoresis was performed three times a week; the second electrophoresis was selected for evaluation. Applied statistical analysis revealed the number of positive total protein tests indicating hypalbuminaemia requiring treatment (sensitivity) and the number of negative with tolerably reduced albumin concentrations (specificity). Results. Of the investigated patients, 27.6% had normal TPCs between 6.2 and 8.0 g/dl. In 81.9% of cases an albumin concentration below 3.5 g/dl was found, while 43 patients had a concentration below 2.5 g/dl. The sensitivity and specificity of TPC measurement for the diagnosis of clinically relevant hypoalbuminaemia (albumin concentration 〈2.5 g/dl) was calculated at different cutoff points for total protein. With a TPC of 6.0 g/dl, the sensitivity was 0.96 and the specificity 0.44. With a cutoff point of 5.0 g/dl, the sensitivity was reduced to 0.65 and specificity increased to 0.86. Finally, with a TPC of 4.0 g/dl sensitivity was 0.25 and specificity almost 1. Conclusions. Depending on the cutoff point for TPC, a relevant albumin requirement would frequently not be detected. In other cases, a need for albumin would be assumed from a reduced TPC even though the albumin concentration still exceeded 2.5 g/dl. Therefore, determination of TPC is not a suitable indicator of the need for albumin replacement. As a result, we suggest routine determination of albumin concentrations instead of TPC.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der klinischen Routine wird die Substitution von Humanalbumin häufig von der Gesamteiweißkonzentration abhängig gemacht, obwohl ein konstantes Verhältnis beider Variablen nicht immer zu erwarten ist. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde die Sensitivität und Spezifität der Gesamteiweißbestimmung im Hinblick auf einen therapiebedürftigen Albuminmangel bei Intensivpatienten untersucht. Als Ergebnis zeigte sich, daß die Bestimmung der Gesamteiweißkonzentration mit erheblichen Fehleinschätzungen der Albuminkonzentration verbunden ist. Bei einer Interventionsschwelle von 5,00 g/dl Gesamteiweiß betrug die Sensitivität 0,64 und die Spezifität 0,86. Dagegen betrug bei einer Gesamteiweißkonzentration von 4,00 g/dl die Sensitivität nur noch 0,25, die Spezifität jedoch annähernd 1. Abhängig von der variablen Interventionsschwelle bezüglich der Gesamteiweißkonzentration wird einerseits ein relevanter Albuminbedarf häufig nicht erkannt. Andererseits kann in einigen Fällen eine unnötige Substitution erfolgen. Daher ist der Gesmteiweißtest zur Indikationsstellung der Albuminsubstitution nicht geeignet. Die direkte Bestimmung der Albuminkonzentration ist kostengünstig und routinemäßig durchführbar und sollte im Sinne einer rationalen Diagnostik und Therapie den Gesamteiweißtest ersetzen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Aged ; Functional residual capacity ; Lung volume measurement ; Mechanical ventilation ; Critical care ; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; Acute lung injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Validation of an open-circuit multibreath nitrogen washout technique (MBNW) for measurement of functional residual capacity (FRC). The accuracy of FRC measurement with and without continuous viscosity correction of mass spectrometer delay time (TD) relative to gas flow signal and the influence of baseline FIO2 was investigated. Design: Laboratory study and measurements in mechanically ventilated patients. Setting: Experimental laboratory and anesthesiological intensive care unit of a university hospital. Patients: 16 postoperative patients with normal pulmonary function (NORM), 8 patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and 6 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were included. Interventions: Change of FIO2 from baseline to 1.0. Measurements and main results: FRC was determined by MBNW using continuous viscosity correction of TD (TDdyn), a constant TD based on the viscosity of a calibration gas mixture (TD0) and a constant TD referring to the mean viscosity between onset and end of MBNW (TDmean). Using TDdyn, the mean deviation between 15 measurements of three different lung model FRCs (FRCmeasured) and absolute volumes (FRCmodel) was 0.2 %. For baseline FIO2 ranging from 0.21 to 0.8, the mean deviation between FRCmeasured and FRCmodel was −0.8 %. However, depending on baseline FIO2, the calculation of FRC using TDmean and TD0 increased the mean deviation between FRCmeasured and FRCmodel to 2–4 % and 8–12 %, respectively. In patients (n = 30) the average repeatability coefficient was 6.0 %. FRC determinations with TDmean and TD0 were 0.8–13.3 % and 4.2–23.9 % (median 2.7 % and 8.7 %) smaller than those calculated with TDdyn. Conclusion: A dynamic viscosity correction of TD improves the accuracy of FRC determinations by MBNW considerably, when gas concentrations are measured in a sidestream. If dynamic TD correction cannot be performed, the use of constant TDmean might be suitable. However, in patient measurements this can cause an FRC underestimation of up to 13 %.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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