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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Current genetics 29 (1996), S. 437-440 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words Yeast ; Formaldehyde ; Hyper-resistance ; Alcohol dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  In an attempt to clone genes involved in resistance to formaldehyde we have screened a genomic library based on the episomal plasmid YEp24 for the ability to increase resistance to formaldehyde in a wild-type strain. In addition to SFA, the gene encoding the formaldehyde dehydrogenase Adh5, an enzyme most potent in formaldehyde de-toxification, we isolated a second plasmid that conferred a less pronounced but significant hyper-resistance to formaldehyde. Its passenger DNA contained the gene ADH1, encoding alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (EC 1.1.1.1), which could be shown to be responsible for the observed hyper-resistance phenotype. Construction of an adh1-0 mutant revealed that yeast lacking a functional ADH1 gene is sensitive to formaldehyde. While glutathione is essential for Adh5-mediated formaldehyde de-toxification, Adh1 reduced formaldehyde best in the absence of this thiol compound. Evidence is presented that formaldehyde is a substrate for Adh1 in vivo and in vitro and that its cellular de-toxification employs a reductive step that may yield methanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Current genetics 29 (1996), S. 437-440 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Formaldehyde ; Hyper-resistance ; Alcohol dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In an attempt to clone genes involved in resistance to formaldehyde we have screened a genomic library based on the episomal plasmid YEp24 for the ability to increase resistance to formaldehyde in a wild-type strain. In addition toSFA, the gene encoding the formaldehyde dehydrogenase Adh5, an enzyme most potent in formaldehyde de-toxification, we isolated a second plasmid that conferred a less pronounced but significant hyper-resistance to formaldehyde. Its passenger DNA contained the geneADH1, encoding alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (EC 1.1.1.1), which could be shown to be responsible for the observed hyper-resistance phenotype. Construction of anadh1-0 mutant revealed that yeast lacking a functionalADH1 gene is sensitive to formaldehyde. While glutathione is essential for Adh5-mediated formaldehyde de-toxification, Adh1 reduced formaldehyde best in the absence of this thiol compound. Evidence is presented that formaldehyde is a substrate for Adh1 in vivo and in vitro and that its cellular de-toxification employs a reductive step that may yield methanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Silicon-based microfabrication of a novel chemical reactor (microreactor) having submillimeter flow channels with integrated heaters, and flow and temperature sensors is described. The potential application of this reactor to partial-oxidation reactions is explored by using Pt-catalyzed NH3 oxidation as a model reaction. Investigation of reactor behavior as a function of operating conditions shows that conversion and selectivity behavior of conventional laboratory reactors can be reproduced and demonstrates the feasibility of conducting chemical reactions in microfabricated systems. Ignition-extinction behavior is explored, along with high-temperature microreactor materials degradation. Potential applications and scale-up of microreactors are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 1 (1989), S. 51-53 
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Rhodium(I) phosphane complexes ; 14-Electron intermediates ; MO theory, applied ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bis(di-tert-butylphosphanyl)methane Complexes of Rhodium: Geometry, Electronic Structure, and Derivatives of the 14-Electron Fragment [Rh(dtbpm)Cl]. Molecular Structure of Rh(dtbpm)Cl(PMe3)14-Electron fragments [M(PR3)2X] (M = Rh, Ir, X = halogen etc.) are considered to be an important class of highly reactive, coordinatively unsaturated intermediates in many metal-induced stoichiometric or catalytic transformations of organic substrates. As available theoretical data suggest a slightly preferred T-shaped groundstate geometry with a less symmetric cis rather than the usually implied trans phosphane arrangement for such tricoordinate d8-ML3-type systems with monodentate phosphanes PR3, the chemistry of η2-diphosphanylmethane complexes of rhodium with four-membered RhPCP-chelate rings and thus with enforced cis phosphane coordination and anomalously small cis P - Rh - P angles has been studied by theory and by experiment. MO calculations (EH) have been performed both for the model 14-electron system [Rh(dhpm)Cl] (dhpm = diphosphanylmethane, H2P - CH2 - PH2) and for the experimentally accessible fragment [Rh(dhbpm)Cl], where dtbpm is bis(di-tert-butylphosphanyl)-methane, (tBu)2P - CH2 - P(tBu)2. The electronic and geometric structure of these species is described. Employing the unusual ligand dtbpm, tailor-made for stabilizing mononuclear η2- and destabilizing dinuclear μ-diphosphanylmethane coordination, the chloro-bridged dimer [Rh(dtbpm)Cl]2, has been synthesized. In agreement with steric and electronic considerations, its chemistry is dominated by a facile dissociation to monomeric (presumably solvent coordinated) fragments [Rh(dtbpm)Cl], even in benzene, as suggested by molecular mass determinations. Accordingly, by using [Rh(dtbpm)Cl]2 as a starting material, a series of sterically very congested but nevertheless mononuclear, square-planar complexes Rh(dtbpm)Cl(L) (L = CO, PMe3, PPh3, PCy3, pyridine, acrylonitrile) with chelating dtbpm could be readily prepared and fully characterized. The relative stability of these potential alternative precursors of a [Rh(dtbpm)Cl] intermediate towards dissociation of ligands L is reported. The molecular structure of Rh(dtbpm)Cl(PMe3) as the first representative of this class of compounds has been determined by X-ray crystallography.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 751-762 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Trifluoroacyloxy-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane ; Pivaloyloxy-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane dimer ; Bis(9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl]oxalate ; Tetrakis(9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl)-dihydroxyoxalate ; Bis(9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl)-2,2-dimethylmalonate tetramer ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBNH) reacts with monocarboxylic acids to afford 9-(acyloxy)-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes which are dimers in the solid state as shown by X-ray crystal structures of the benzoate and pivalate. More complex reactions were observed by allowing 9-BBNH to react with dicarboxylic acids in THF or monoglyme. Thus, (9-BBN)2 oxalate 3 contains a fully delocalized oxalate unit with equal C-O and B-O bond lengths. Traces of water convert it into the tetrakis(9-BBN) oxalate 5. A rather unusual structure is veryfied by 9-BBN 2,2-dimethylmalonate 7 which according to its molecular structure is a tetramer featuring a 32-membered ring system. In contrast, reactions of oxalic acid with thexylborane leads to reduction of the acid and formation of a bicyclic dioxaborolo-dioxaborolane 10. Several intermediates were detected by 11B-NMR spectroscopy as well as in reactions of BH3 · THF or BH3 · SMe2 with oxalic acid.  -  It follows from the present study that (acyloxy)boranes derived from dicarboxylic acids are strong Lewis acids with an unexpected variety of structural features.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Borate lithium (dimethylamino)trihydrido- ; TMEDA complex ; Dioxane complex ; 12-Crown-4 complex ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Li(Me2NBH3) (1) was prepared by deprotonation of Me2NH BH3 with LiBu and its solubility determined in various solvents. Compound 1 is unstable in most ethereal solvents and decomposes in a reversible reaction into LiH and Li-(Me2N—BH2—NMe2—BH3) (2). Five solvates of 1 were characterised by X-ray structure analysis. Li(Me2NH3) · TMEDA is a dimer in the solid state, and two units are connected to one another by B—H…Li bonds. The crystal structure of Li(Me2NBH3) · 0.5 dioxane is represented by layers consisting of tetrameric Li(Me2NBH3) units connected via dioxane molecules. Each Li atom is coordinated to one oxygen atom, one nitrogen atom, and two hydrogen atoms. Also Li(Me2NBH3) · 0.5 O2C3H6 forms an extended layer, however with pentacoordinated Li atoms which bear one oxygen, one nitrogen, and three hydrogen atoms. A similar layer structure was also found for Li(Me2NBH3) · O3C3H6 where each Li atom is bound to two oxygen atoms of different trioxane molecules, one nitrogen atom, and two hydrogen atoms. Finally, Li(Me2NBH3) · 12-crown-4 retains its molecular integrity in the solid state. Its Li atom is pentacoordinated by four oxygen atoms and one nitrogen atom.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 795-799 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Boron ; Alkylations ; N ligands ; Dodecaborate ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reactions of the ammine-undecahydro-closo-dodecaborate(1-) anion with alkyl halides have been studied in detail. The degree of alkylation of the nitrogen was found to be dependent upon the steric demands of the alkyl groups. The derivatives were characterized by NMR and infrared spectroscopy. Four compounds were crystallized for single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The tetrahedral coordination of the nitrogen atom of the bis-alkylated derivatives was found to deviate towards planarity with increasing steric hindrance of the substitutents. - The syntheses, crystal structures, and spectral properties of four N-alkyl derivatives of [H3N—B12H11]-, ammine - undecahydro-closo-dodecaborate(1-) (3), are reported. Alkylation of 3 with ethyl iodide was achieved in dimethyl sulfoxide using potassium hydroxide as base. This led to orthorhombic crystals of [N(nC4H94][(CH3CH2)3N—B12H11] (4). The reaction of 3 with benzyl chloride resulted in the bisbenzylated product, isolated as triclinic crystals of [PPN][(C6H5CH2)2 NH—B12H11] (5). The alkylation of 3 with 2-bromopropane gave a mixture of the mono- and bisalkylated products. The monoalkylated derivative [PPN][(CH3)2CH)NH2-12H11] (6, crystallized in the triclinic space group p1) and the bisalkylated product [PPN]{[(CH3)2NH—B12H11) (7, monoclinic, P21./c) were separated on the basis of their different water solubilities. The solid-state structures of the compounds 4-7 revealed a slight distortion of the B12 icosahedron. The length of the B(1)-N(1) bond was found to be dependent on the steric requirements of the attached amine, e.g. primary amine 〈 secondary amine 〈 tertiary amine. This is demonstrated by the variation in the B—N bond length; from 157.8(2) pm for 6, 158.5(5) pjm for 5, 160.0(3) pm for 7, to 163.7(6) pm for 4.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Bis(tetramethylipiperidino)aluminum halides ; Alkoxy((tetramethylpiperidino)aluminum halides ; 27Al-NMR spectra ; Aluminum ; Amides ; Synthetic methods ; Bridging ligands ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-Lithio-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine [Li(tmp)] reacts with AlX3 (X = Cl, Br) in diethyl ether/ n-hexane solution to generate the products of substitution and ether cleavage, [tmpAl(X)(μ-OEt)], (la, X = Cl; 1b, X = Br). However, when the reaction is allowed to proceed in n-hexane alone, an almost quantitative yield of compounds tmp2AlX (2a, X = Cl; 2b, X = Br; 2c, X = I) is obtained. According to 27AI-NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, cryoscopy, and X-ray crystal structure determinations, these compounds are monomeric in the solid state, in solution, and in the gas phase. 2b reacts with AgBF4 yielding the fluoride-bridged dimer (tmp2AlF), 2d, as shown by X-ray crystal structure determination.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Benzo-1,3,2-diphosphaborolanes ; Benzo-1,3,2-diphosphaborolane dimmers ; Benzo-1,4,2,3-diphosphadiborinanes ; Rearrangement reaction ; Pentacarbonyl chromium complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of benzo- 1,3,3-diphosphaborolanes C6H4(PR)2BR' (R = H, iPr, SiMe3; R' = R2N, R) has been prepared by several routes and characterized by spectroscopic and - in part - by X-ray diffraction methods. They feature pyramidal P atoms with the substituents in antiperiplanar positions. The P atoms act as coordination sites for the (CO)5Cr fragment. In contrast to the R2N-bearing benzo-1,3,2-diphosphaborolanes, the derivative C6H4(PH)2BCMe3 (4f) dimerizes by additional B-P bond formation to produce a pentacyclic system (4f)2. - The reaction of C6H4(PHNa)2 with B2(NMe2)2Cl2 in THF/hexane yields the acyclic phosphanylborane Me2NB(PH-C6H4PH2)2 (15). However, if C6H4[P(iPr)Li]2 is allowed to react with B2(NMe2)2Cl2, the benzo-1,4,2,3-diphosphadiborinane 13 is obtained, together with its rearrangement product 2-bis(dimethylamino)borylbenzo-1,3,2-diphosphaborolane 14 which dimerizes to (14)2.  -  In contrast, the almost planar ring of the 2,3-dimesitylbenzo-1,4,2,3-diphosphadiborinane (16) possesses P and B atoms with a planar geometry. Short B-B and B-P bonds suggest that this new heterocycle can be regarded as a 6π electron system. Moreover, the benzo-1,5,2,3,4-diphosphatriborepane 18 forms readily forms readily from C6H4(PHNa)2 and Br(Me2N)B-B(N-Me2)-B(NMe2) Br to give a tub-shaped seven-membered C2B3P2 ring system with the P atoms in a pyramidal and the B atoms in a planar environment.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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