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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Bacterial artificial chromosome ; Simple sequence repeats ; Microsatellites ; Soybean cyst nematode ; Genetic mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are versatile DNA markers that are readily assayed and highly informative. Unfortunately, non-targeted approaches to SSR development often leave large genomic regions without SSR markers. In some cases these same genomic regions are already populated by other types of DNA markers, especially restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). To identify SSR markers in such regions, bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones can be used as intermediaries. First, one or more BAC clones in a region of interest are identified through the use of an existing DNA marker. BAC clones uncovered in this initial step are then used to create a small insert DNA library that can be screened for the presence of SSR-containing clones. Because BAC inserts are often 100-kb pairs or more in size, most contain one or more SSRs. This strategy was applied to two regions of the soybean genome near genes that condition resistance to the soybean cyst nematode on molecular linkage groups G and A2. This targeted approach to identifying new DNA markers can readily be extended to other types of DNA markers, including single nucleotide polymorphisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Simple sequence repeats ; Microsatellites ; Soybean cyst nematode ; Genetic mapping ; Marker-assisted selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Inchinoe) is the most economically significant soybean pest. The principal strategy to reduce or eliminate damage from this pest is the use of resistant cultivars. Identifying resistant segregants in a breeding program is a difficult and expensive process which is complicated by the oligogenic nature of the resistance and genetic variability in the pathogen. Fortunately, resistance at one SCN-resistance locus, rhg1, is generally accepted as a necessity for the development of resistant genotypes using any source of resistance and when challenged by any SCN race. Thus, the development of SCN resistant cultivars would be expedited if an effective and rapid system were available to identify breeding lines carrying a resistance allele at the rhg1 locus. In this study we report two simple sequence repeat (SSR) or microsatellite loci that cosegregate and map 0.4 cM from rhg1. Allelic variation at the first of these loci, BARC-Satt309, distinguished most, if not all, SCN-susceptible genotypes from those carrying resistance at rhg1 derived from the important SCN-resistance sources ’Peking’, PI 437654, and PI 90763. BARC-Satt309 was also effective in distinguishing SCN resistance sources PI 88788 and PI 209332 from many, but not all, susceptible genotypes. BARC-Satt309 cannot be used in marker-assisted selection in populations developed from typical southern US cultivars crossed with the important resistance sources PI 88788 or PI 209332 because these genotypes all carry the identical allele at the BARC-Satt309 locus. A second SSR locus, BARC-Sat_168, was developed from a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone that was identified using the primers to BARC-Satt309. BARC-Sat_168 distinguished PI 88788 and PI 209332 from southern US cultivars such as ’Lee’, ’Bragg’ and ’Essex’. Both BARC-Satt309 and BARC-Sat_168 were used to assay lines from SCN-susceptible×SCN-resistant crosses and proved to be highly effective in identifying lines carrying rhg1 resistance from those carrying the allele for SCN susceptibility at the rhg1 locus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Disease resistance ; Meloidogyne incognita ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Genetic mapping ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In the 1940's the root-knot nematode resistance gene (Mi) was introgressed into the cultivated tomato from the wild species, L. peruvianum, and today it provides the only form of genetic resistance against this pathogen. We report here the construction of a high resolution RFLP map around the Mi gene that may aid in the future cloning of this gene via chromosome walking. The map covers the most distal nine map units of chromosome 6 and contains the Mi gene, nine RFLP markers, and one isozyme marker (Aps-1). Based on the analysis of more than 1,000 F2 plants from four crosses, we were able to pinpoint the Mi gene to the interval between two of these markers — GP79 and Aps-1. In crosses containing the Mi gene, this interval is suppressed in recombination and is estimated to be 0.4 cM in length. In contrast, for a cross not containing Mi, the estimated map distance is approximately 5 times greater (ca. 2 cM). Using RFLP markers around Mi as probes, it was possible to classify nematode resistant tomato varieties into three types based on the amount of linked peruvianum DNA still present. Two of these types (representing the majority of the varieties tested) were found to still contain more than 5 cM of peruvianum chromosome — a result that may explain some of the negative effects (e.g. fruit cracking) associated with nematode resistance. The third type (represented by a single variety) is predicted to carry a very small segment of peruvianum DNA (〈2 cM) and may be useful in the identification of additional markers close to Mi and in the orientation of clones during a chromosome walk to clone the gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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