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Topical glutaraldehyde-percutaneous penetration and skin irritation (1985)

Reifenrath, W. G. ; Prystowsky, S. D. ; Nonomura, J. H. ; [et al.]

Springer

Archives of dermatological research 277 (1985), S. 242-244

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ISSN: 1432-069X

Keywords: Glutaradehyde ; Percutaneous penetration ; Irritancy

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Summary To investigate the safety of the topical application of glutaraldehyde to the ankle and heel of man, the in vitro penetration of glutaraldehyde in a 10% aqueous solution through isolated human thin stratum corneum (chest and abdomen), isolated human epidermis (abdominal), and human thick stratum corneum (blister tops from the sole) was determined 1 h after application. Under these conditions, glutaraldehyde did not penetrate thick stratum corneum, while 2.8%–4.4% of the applied dose penetrated the isolated epdermis, and 3.3%–13.8% of the applied dose penetrated thin stratum corneum. An 8-week irritancy test was conducted by applying a 10% aqueous solution of glutaraldehyde to the ankle and heel area of 12 volunteers. Irritation and one case of sensitization resulted from glutaraldehyde application to areas of thin stratum corneum (anterior ankle) but not from applications to thick stratum corneum (medial, posterior, and lateral heel and posterior ankle), which may be a privileged site with respect to glutaraldehyde sensitivity.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404324

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A numerical study of various algorithms related to the preconditioned conjugate gradient method (1985)

Jackson, C. P. ; Robinson, P. C.

Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1315-1338

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ISSN: 0029-5981

Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Mathematics , Technology

Notes: We present the results of a numerical study of the preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm, the minimal residual algorithm, the biconjugate gradient algorithm and the bi-minimal residual algorithm using both simple test matrices and more realistic test matrices derived from physical problems. The application of the methods to unsymmetric matrices is considered. We emphasize the importance of a good preconditioning, look at various methods including ICGG(n) and incomplete block factorization, and make some practical recommendations. Some of the folk-lore surrounding the semi-iterative methods is dispelled.

Additional Material: 9 Ill.