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  • 1
    ISSN: 0165-0327
    Keywords: Cortisol ; Endogenous depression ; Growth hormone ; Sleep EEG ; Sleep endocrinology
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Sleep EEG ; Cortisol ; Growth hormone ; Flumazenil ; Midazolam
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The physiological function of benzodiazepine (BDZ) receptors includes regulation of sleep and neuroendocrine activity. Most of the pharmacological effects of BDZ are blocked by flumazenil. However, recent neurological and behavioral studies suggest that flumazenil has its own central intrinsic activity. This issue was addressed in a study of the sleep EEG and the nocturnal secretion of growth hormone and cortisol in ten normal male controls, who were given flumazenil either alone or in combination with the BDZ agonist midazolam, placebo and midazolam alone. Flumazenil prompted an increase in sleep onset latency, a decrease in slow wave sleep and an increase in wakefulness. Plasma cortisol concentrations after flumazenil administration were lower than after midazolam. Both flumazenil and midazolam decreased nocturnal growth hormone secretion. After simultaneous application of both BDZ receptor ligands the growth hormone blunting was amplified. Our study demonstrates that at the level of the sleep EEG and neuroendocrine activity flumazenil is capable of exerting both agonistic and inverse agonistic or antagonistic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Bretazenil ; Sleep EEG ; Cortisol ; Growth hormone ; Prolactin ; GABA benzodiazepine receptor ; EEG power spectra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Preclinical data suggest that the imidazo-diazepinone derivative bretazenil (Ro 16-6028) has anxiolytic and anticonvulsant properties with only weak sedative effects. We examined the influence of oral administration of 1 mg bretazenil on the sleep EEG and the concomitant nocturnal secretion of cortisol, growth hormone and prolactin in ten healthy young men. After bretazenil we found a significant increase in stage 2 sleep and a significant reduction in stage 3 sleep. REM latency was prolonged. Spectral analysis of sleep-EEG power revealed a decrease in delta and in theta power and an increase in sigma power. We found no significant influence on sleep onset latency or on intermittent wakefulness. Bretazenil prompted a significant decrease in cortisol secretion and a significant increase in prolactin release. It had no major influence on growth hormone secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 70 (1999), S. 72-75 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Zopiclon ; Zolpidem ; Mißbrauch ; Abhängigkeit ; Absetzsymptomatik ; Key words Zopiclone ; Zolpidem ; Abuse ; Dependence ; Withdrawal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary With the introduction of the non-benzodiazepine hypnotics zopiclone and zolpidem it was expected to have hypnotics without side effects and risks characteristically seen with benzodiazepines. We report two cases with high-dose usage and dependency of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics. Both patients were prescribed the drugs to treat sleep disturbances occuring during a depressive episode. While one patient had a polysubstance abuse there was no evidence for an abuse history in the other patient. To reduce withdrawal symptoms long-acting benzodiazepines were given to both patients. Thus, it seems that not only patients with a history of substance abuse but also patients with a psychiatric disorder are at risk for abuse of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics. Considering the increasing number of case reports with abuse and dependence of zopiclone and zolpidem it seems necessary to reevaluate the dependency risk of the currently available non-benzodiazepine hypnotics.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit der Einführung der „Non-Benzodiazepinhypnotika” Zolpidem und Zopiclon war die Hoffnung verbunden, Hypnotika ohne benzodiazepintypische Nebenwirkungen und Gefahren zur Verfügung zu haben. Wir stellen 2 Kasuistiken mit hochdosierter Einnahme von und Abhängigkeitsentwicklung unter „Non-Benzodiazepinhypnotika” vor. Bei beiden Patienten begann die Substanzeinnahme aufgrund von Schlafstörungen i.R. eines depressiven Syndroms. Während bei dem einen Patient eine Polytoxikomanie bestand, fanden sich bei dem anderen keine Hinweise für einen Mißbrauch anderer psychoaktiver Substanzen oder einen Mißbrauch in der Vorgeschichte. Zur Abmilderung der Absetzsymtomatik erfolgte eine Umstellung auf langwirksame Benzodiazepine und eine stufenweise Reduktion derselben. Neben Patienten mit Mißbrauch oder Abhängigkeit in der Vorgeschichte scheinen auch Patienten mit depressiven Störungen gefährdet zu sein, Zopiclon oder Zolpidem mißbräuchlich einzunehmen. Das potentielle Abhängigkeitsrisiko der „Non-Benzodiazepinhypnotika” muß daher auch in der klinischen Praxis beachtet werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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