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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of African-Americans with multiple risk factors associated with HIV/AIDS (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of behavioral medicine 19 (1996), S. 55-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3521
    Keywords: African-Americans ; AIDS ; anger ; attitudes ; condom use ; HIV ; knowledge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Multiple risk factors in young African-Americans have tremendous implications for the spread of AIDS. Two hundred forty-two heterosexual college students were classified as having low, moderate, or high risk for HIV infection based upon their self-reported sexual practices. Results indicated that subjects differed in AIDS knowledge and attitudes toward condoms with respect to both Gender and Risk level, with men and High Risk individuals being less knowledgeable and having more negative attitudes than their female and Low Risk counterparts respectively. Interaction effects revealed that High Risk men were less knowledgeable than both Low Risk men and High Risk women. High Risk men as well as High and Low Risk women reported more anger surrounding condom usage than Low Risk men. Low perceptions of vulnerability for AIDS were reflected in the entire sample. The implications of this study for primary prevention and future research are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01858174
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cognitive Processing Style, Mood, and Immune Function Following HIV Seropositivity Notification (1997)
    Springer
    Cognitive therapy and research 21 (1997), S. 157-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2819
    Keywords: cognitive processing ; trauma ; mood ; HIV ; avoidance ; immunity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The relations among cognitive processing of stressful emotional material, mood, and immune functioning were examined in 30 asymptomatic gay men during the stress of HIV-1 seropositivity notification. We administered the Impact of Event Scale, and immunological and mood data were collected 5 weeks before, 1 week after, and 5 weeks after notification of HIV-1 seropositivity. Consistent elevations of avoidance or intrusion levels during the study period did not predict distress at 5 weeks postdiagnosis; rather, increased levels of both avoidance and intrusion over the study period were related to significantly greater anxiety, depression, and total mood disturbance by the end of the study. Increased intrusion, but not avoidance, during the period from study entry to 1-week postdiagnosis was related to higher levels of distress 1 week after HIV serostatus notification. In contrast, in the weeks following serostatus notification, increased avoidance predicted worse mood outcomes. Increased avoidance over the 10-week study period significantly predicted poorer proliferative response to pokeweed mitogen as well as trends toward lower T-helper-inducer lymphocyte (CD4+) percentages. Increased intrusion over this time period significantly predicted lower CD4+ percentages, controlling statistically for baselines. Mood change during the 10-week study did not mediate effects of cognitive processing on immune function. Mood changes may work jointly with cognitive processing to influence some immune outcomes. As increases in avoidant and intrusion processing may reflect difficulties in working through the trauma of HIV seropositivity notification, the current findings suggest the importance of thorough cognitive processing of traumatic medical information in this population for subsequent adjustment and immune functioning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021880612642
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reductions in Salivary Cortisol Are Associated with Mood Improvement During Relaxation Training Among HIV-Seropositive Men (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of behavioral medicine 23 (2000), S. 107-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3521
    Keywords: salivary cortisol ; relaxation ; HIV ; mood
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract This study examined salivary cortisol and mood during relaxation training in 30 symptomatic, HIV+ gay men participating in a 10-week, group-based cognitive-behavioral stress management intervention. Cortisol levels and mood were assessed within these sessions just before and after 45-min relaxation exercises given as part of each session. Participants also recorded their stress level and compliance with daily home relaxation practice. Presession cortisol levels decreased across the 10-week period and were related to decreases in global measures of total mood disturbance and anxious mood. Reductions in presession cortisol levels were also associated with decreases in self-reported stress level during home practice. Greater reductions in cortisol during the first three sessions were associated with more frequent relaxation practice at home. These findings suggest that salivary cortisol represents an objective neuroendocrine marker for changes in anxiety and distress observed during relaxation training in symptomatic, HIV-seropositive men.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005419917023
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of radioimmunoassay and gas chromatographic mass spectrometric assay for d-amphetamine (1979)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 6 (1979), S. 187-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantification of low levels of psychotropic drugs (10-7 to 10-9 g ml-1) in small volumes of plasma requires sensitive and accurate methods. Validation of these methods is best achieved by comparing results obtained using several techniques. In this study, amphetamine levels in plasma were measured using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and radioimmunoassay. Correlation of the results obtained by the two methods was found to be positive and high (R = 0.9822). The average coefficient of variation between assays for gas chromatography mass spectrometry was 5.8% and for radioimmunoassay was 12.3%, while the average coefficient of variation within assays for gas chromatography mass spectrometry was 4.9% and for radioimmunoassay 6.9%. Although gas chromatography mass spectrometry was 1.9 times more sensitive than radioimmunoassay, for most purposes, the convenience of the radioimmunoassay method outweighs the technical superiority of gas chromatography mass spectrometry.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200060503
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluorohexane and 1,1-difluorocyclohexane by rat liver microsomes in vitro (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1984), S. 512-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metabolism of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluorohexane with liver microsomes from phenobarbital-treated rats gave only one metabolite, namely, the 5-hydroxy derivative. Under similar conditions 1,1-difluorocyclohexane was metabolized to give mainly the 3- and 4-hydroxy derivatives in the ratio 1:∼5.5 The structures of these metabolites were established by chemical ionization (CI) and/or electron impact (EI) mass spectrometry and confirmed by synthesis in the case of 1,1-difluorocyclohexan-4-ol. Oxidation of 1,1-difluorocyclohexane with lead tetrakis(trifluoroacetate) also gave, inter alia, the 3- and 4-hydroxy derivatives. In saturated hydrocarbons complete replacement of hydrogen by fluorine at one particular carbon will not only block microsomal hydroxylation thereat but will also inhibit hydroxylation at neighbouring hydrogen-bearing carbons, (α almost completely, β markedly, γ slightly).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200111005
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Octafluorotoluene as a derivatizing agent for steroids in human plasma (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 16 (1988), S. 211-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The use of octafluorotoluene (OFT) as a versatile gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric derivatizing agent for steroids containing alcoholic, phenolic or α,β-unsaturated keto functions, is described. Two distinct derivatizing schemes can be utilized, involving (method 1) a phase-transfer reaction, employing a two-phase system of CH2Cl2 and N NaOH with n-Bu4NHSO4 as catalyst (suitable for alcoholic and phenolic steroids) and (method 2) a reaction conducted in anhydrous dimethylformamide at 155°C with CsF as base (appropriate for α,β-unsaturated keto steroids). Perfluorotolyl (PFT) ethers and/or enol ethers have thus been generated. The electron impact spectra display abundant high-mass molecular ions where derivatization has occurred at a phenolic or enolic function. An extraction, derivatization and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric scheme has been devised involving method 2 for the analysis of steroids in human plasma. A preliminary quantitative investigation of the levels of testosterone in plasma has been carried out employing these methods. The anomalously high level found is explained in terms of the presence in plasma of lipid-soluble derivatives of testosterone (probably fatty acid esters) which generate the testosterone bis-OFT derivative under the reaction conditions employed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200160138
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Confirmation of oxytetracycline, tetracycline and chlortetracycline residues in milk by particle beam liquid chromatography/mass spectrometryThis work was presented in part at the 38th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Tucson, Arizona, June 1990. (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 20 (1991), S. 789-795 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method using particle beam liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was developed for the confirmation of oxytetracycline, tetracycline and chlortetracycline residues in bovine milk. This method is one of the first to apply particle beam technology to the confirmation of animal drug residues in food products for regulatory purposes. The milk is centrifuged, using molecular weight cut-off filters to remove components of 25 000 daltons and above from the milk. The filtrate is passed through a C-18 sample preparation cartridge which retains the tetracyclines. After the columns are washed with water, the tetracyclines are eluted with 0.1 M oxalic acid in methanol and concentrated. The compounds are separated on a Novapak C-18 column with a methanol-oxalic acid-acetonitrile mobile phase. Negative chemical ionization with selective ion monitoring is used to identify the tetracyclines. The procedure was used to confirm the presence of each tetracycline at 100 ng ml-1 in fortified and incurred milk samples.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200201208
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of mercapturic acid conjugates of xenobiotic compounds using negative ionization and tandem mass spectrometryPresented in part at the 36th Annual Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, San Francisco, 1988. (1993)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 22 (1993), S. 68-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectra of mercapturic acid conjugates of two xenobiotic products of lipid peroxidation (trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal and trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal) as well as conjugates of 1,3-dichloropropene, styrene oxide, 1,2-naphthalene oxide and α-chlorotoluene were obtained using fast atom bombardment or negative chemical ionization. Fragmentation pathways were investigated using linked scan and mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometric techniques. Characteristics of the spectra obtained using different ionization and sample introduction techniques are compared. Deprotonated molecular ions of mercapturic acids gave simple daughter ion spectra, with the dominant mode of decomposition involving cleavage of C—S bonds giving a characteristic neutral loss of 129 Da Screening for mercapturates in urine samples was performed using neutral loss scanning and yielded limits of detection in the low nanogram per milliliter range. Quantitative analysis of the S-benzyl mercapturic acid at 1 p.p.b. in urine has been demonstrated using combined gas chromatography/electron capture mass spectrometry with d3-S-benzyl mercapturic acid as internal standard.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200220109
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative analysis of disaturated lecithins in human plasma by ammonia chemical ionization mass spectrometry (1981)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 8 (1981), S. 503-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three physiologically important disaturated lecithins have been analyzed quantitatively as the acetate derivatives using a solids inlet probe and ammonia chemical ionization. Concentration independent response factors have been determined over a tenfold range that brackets human plasma levels. The results obtained serve as an independent corroboration of gas chromatographic analyses.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200081008
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Qualitative and quantitative high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of monoamine neurotransmitters and metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue using reductive electrochemical detection (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 4 (1990), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The application of reductive coulometric electrochemical detection for analysis of the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin and their common metabolites in brain and cerebrospinal fluid following separation by isocratic high performance liquid chromatography is described. The high sensitivity and screening capabilities of coulometric electrodes permits the accurate quantitation of as little as 3-5 pg of these compounds in tissue following a simple single step purification procedure. Moreover, comparison of peak height ratios obtained from analysis of authentic reference standards and tissue samples at selected multiple electrode potentials provides a straightforward means for qualitative evaluation of peak identification and purity during analysis of biological samples. The method is comparatively inexpensive and precise within and between day coefficients of variation for most compounds range from 2-5%. Thirty samples can be run in duplicate in a 24 h period.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130040509
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