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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Benzodiazepine ; Triazolam ; Human ; Heart rate ; Respiratory rate ; Sleep ; Noise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The influence of triazolam on cardiac and respiratory activity of healthy male subjects was examined during nights disturbed by airplane noises and during undisturbed nights. Twenty-four subjects, divided into three groups of eight, slept in the laboratory for 7 nights (N0–N6). Following a double blind design, group A (control group) received a placebo every night. Group B received 0.25 mg triazolam and group C received 0.5 mg on nights N3, N4 and N5. On the other nights, they received a placebo. For all three groups, the nights N0, N3 and N5 were disturbed by 32 semi-randomly distributed airplane noises. Air and wall temperatures (20° C) and air humidity (10° C, 52%) were kept constant. Sleep measures, heart rate and respiratory rate were continuously recorded. Results showed that the largest dose of hypnotic drug produced an increase in tonic heart rate in the first part of each night throughout the treatment period (N3, N4, N5). When compared to baseline disturbed night N0, the phasic cardiac response to the noises was significantly attenuated on only the 1st treatment night (N3). Triazolam had no significant effect on nocturnal respiratory rate. No after-effects of the drug were observed for cardiac and respiratory activity on the withdrawal night (N6). The results suggest that, with regard to the drug action, there was either an increase in arousal threshold or a dissociation between long-lasting and short-lasting modifications of heart rate. Contrary to the single night attenuation of phasic cardiac responses, there was no drug tolerance for the hypnotic-related increase in tonic heart rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 68 (1994), S. 116-121 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Human ; Heat ; Local sweating regulation ; Non rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep ; Sleep deprivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Changes in the central control of sweating were investigated in five sleep-deprived subjects (kept awake for 40 h) during their recovery sleep under warm ambient conditions [operative temperature (T o) was either 35 or 38° C]. Oesophageal (T oes) and mean skin (T sk) temperatures, chest sweat rate (m sw,ch), and concomitant electro-encephalographic data were recorded. Throughout the night at 35 or 38° C T o, m sw,ch changes were measured at a constant local chest skin temperature (T ch) of 35.5° C. The results showed that body temperatures (T oes and T sk) of sleep-deprived subjects were influenced by thermal and hypnogogic conditions. The m sw,ch levels correlated positively with T oes in the subjects studied during sleep stage 1–2 (light sleep: LS), sleep stage 3–4 (slow wave sleep: SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Contrary to what has been reported in normal sleep, firstly, the T oes threshold for sweating onset differed between REM sleep and both LS and SWS, and, secondly, the slopes of the m sw,ch versus T oes relationships were unchanged between REM and non-REM (i.e. LS or SWS) sleep. The changes observed after sleep deprivation were hypothesized to be due to alterations in the functioning of the central nervous system controller.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 44 (1980), S. 123-133 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Body drippage ; Sweating decrease ; Evaporative adjustments ; Active sweat glands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sweat rate and the rate of change in sweat drippage were studied during the acclimation of eight healthy male subject during exposure to heat during 10 consecutive days. During acclimation to hot humid conditions, the increase in total body sweat rate results in an increase in the rate of sweat drippage. We found, however, that on each day the drippage rate markedly decreased with time after the 1st h of heat exposure. This hidromeiosis was investigated as a function of the heat exposure time. No shortening of the onset time of hidromeiosis occurred with acclimation. With repeated heat exposures, the initial sweat rates in response to stress increased, and the subsequent decline became larger with higher sweat rates at the time of onset of hidromeiosis. Hidromeiosis appears to be a function of the degree of skin wettedness reached in the various local skin areas which determine the overall body skin wettedness upon which evaporative adjustments depend. Thus, the observed overshoot in total sweat rate as indicated by sweat drippage, and the subsequent hidromeiosis, result from initial oversweating in the poorly ventilated areas of skin. This sweat decline seems to be due to a reduction in output of the active sweat glands rather than to a reduction in active sweat gland number.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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