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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 29 (1971), S. 255-284 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Heart Rate ; Rectal Temperature ; Muscular Work ; Recovery ; Hot Environment ; Fréquence cardiaque ; Température rectale ; Exercice musculaire ; Récupération ; Ambiance chaude
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans le but d'analyser les facteurs qui déterminent les variations lentes de fréquence cardiaque au cours et après l'exercice musculaire, nous avons étudié chez 4 sujets les évolutions respectives de la fréquence cardiaque, de la température rectale, de la température cutanée moyenne, des lactates, des pyruvates et du glucose sanguin au cours d'exercices musculaires de puissances comprises entre 75 et 135 watt, effectués soit dans une ambiance neutre soit dans une ambiance chaude. Après les 5 premières min de travail, nous avons rarement observé une période d'état stable de la fréquence cardiaque: la fréquence cardiaque continue d'augmenter lentement jusqu'à la fin de la période d'exercice musculaire. Après les 5 premières min des périodes de récupération, la fréquence cardiaque continue de décroître lentement et tend vers son niveau initial de repos. L'analyse des évolutions simultanées de la fréquence cardiaque et des autres variables prises en compte nous a permis de conclure à un déterminisme thermique des variations lentes de fréquence cardiaque. Mises à part les á premières min des phases d'exercice musculaire et des phases de récupération, la fréquence cardiaque à un instant donné est fonction de la puissance mécanique développée, du niveau de température rectale atteint et de la différence entre la température rectale et la température cutanée moyenne. Une seule et même équation de prédiction permet de rendre compte du niveau de fréquence cardiaque atteint au repos ou au travail, dans une ambiance neutre ou chaude.
    Notes: Summary In order to analyse the factors controlling the slow heart rate variations during and after muscular exercise, the simultaneous evolutions of heart rate, rectal temperature, mean skin temperature, blood lactate, pyruvate and glucose have been investigated on 4 subjects, during muscular exercises at various work loads (between 75 and 135 Watt) in two thermal conditions (neutral and hot). After the first 5 min of work, a steady-state period of heart rate was only rarely observed: the heart rate continued to increase slowly during the subsequent period of bicycling. After the first 5 mm of recovery and of fast heart rate deceleration, the heart rate continued to decrease slowly to his initial rest level. The analysis of the simultaneous evolution of the heart rate and of the other variables taken into account, showed a thermal control of these slow variations of the heart rate. Except for the first 5 min of the exercise and recovery periods, the instantaneous heart rate is an additive function of the mechanical work load, of the rectal temperature level and of the difference between rectal and mean skin temperature. One single theoretical equation allows the prediction of the levels of heart rate at rest or at work, in a neutral as well as in a hot environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 50 (1983), S. 223-234 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Dripping sweat ; Skin wettedness ; Local sweat rate ; Hidromeiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Time courses of the rates of sweating, drippage and evaporation were studied in hot humid environments. Resting subjects wearing only briefs were exposed to humid conditions, before, during and after humid heat acclimation, so that different levels of skin wettedness could be studied on the entire body. In addition, local sweat rate was measured on the right upper limb, which was enclosed in a highly ventilated arm-chamber. Thus, the arm remained drier than the rest of the body surface. The results confirm that sweating efficiency is related to the skin wettedness level, and that the decline in intensity of sweating is linked to maximal inefficient sweat drippage before the onset of hidromeiosis. Comparison of general and local sweat decreases confirms that hidromeiosis originates from skin hydration. However it is likely that some factor related to blood content acts on the hidromeiotic process, at least after humid heat acclimation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 44 (1980), S. 123-133 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Body drippage ; Sweating decrease ; Evaporative adjustments ; Active sweat glands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sweat rate and the rate of change in sweat drippage were studied during the acclimation of eight healthy male subject during exposure to heat during 10 consecutive days. During acclimation to hot humid conditions, the increase in total body sweat rate results in an increase in the rate of sweat drippage. We found, however, that on each day the drippage rate markedly decreased with time after the 1st h of heat exposure. This hidromeiosis was investigated as a function of the heat exposure time. No shortening of the onset time of hidromeiosis occurred with acclimation. With repeated heat exposures, the initial sweat rates in response to stress increased, and the subsequent decline became larger with higher sweat rates at the time of onset of hidromeiosis. Hidromeiosis appears to be a function of the degree of skin wettedness reached in the various local skin areas which determine the overall body skin wettedness upon which evaporative adjustments depend. Thus, the observed overshoot in total sweat rate as indicated by sweat drippage, and the subsequent hidromeiosis, result from initial oversweating in the poorly ventilated areas of skin. This sweat decline seems to be due to a reduction in output of the active sweat glands rather than to a reduction in active sweat gland number.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 50 (1983), S. 235-246 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Heat acclimation ; Transient thermal loads ; Local sweating response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sweating response was studied before and after passive humid heat acclimation in four resting male subjects who were exposed to slow thermal transients increasing air and wall temperatures from 28
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Recovery ; Rectal temperature ; Adaptation to work in heat ; Local skin temperature ; Récupération ; Température rectale ; Adaptation au travail à la chaleur ; Température cutanée locale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous avons suivi l'évolution de la température rectale (T re ) au cours de la récupération consécutive à diverses charges thermiques (exogène, endogène ou mixte) avant et après une adaptation aux conditions expérimentales (10 jours consécutifs d'exposition à la condition C 1). Trois sujets ont subi après un repos de 30 min (T a = 28
    Notes: Summary Evolution of rectal temperature (T re ) during recovery in different air temperatures was studied following different patterns of heat load before and after adaptation to work in heat (10 consecutive days). Three subjects have been exposed, after a 30 min rest period (T a = 28
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 34 (1975), S. 97-108 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Coefficient of Evaporative Heat Loss ; Convective Coefficient ; Mixed Convection ; Dripping Sweat Loss ; Coefficient d'évaporation ; Coefficient de convection ; Convection mixte ; Sueur non évaporée
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs ont déterminé expérimentalement chez l'homme, le coefficient d'échange de chaleur par évaporation (h e), lors d'aplications d'échelons d'humidité en air calme (V a〈-0,2 m/s). Une telle détermination exige une mouillure intégrale de la peau qui implique dès lors une perte de sueur par ruissellement. La récupération de la sueur de ruissellement permet l'évaluation de l'évaporation totale: celle-ci se faisant sur la peau et au niveau des gouttes de sueur durant leur trajet de la surface cutanée jusqu'au bac dans lequel la sueur de ruissellement est récupérée. Une évaluation de l'évaporation parasite se faisant sur la sueur de ruissellement permet d'estimer l'évaporation cutanée et par conséquent le coefficienth e. Dans nos conditions expérimentales: $$E = S - SNE - 0,005{\text{ }}SNE{\text{ }}(P_{S_{H_2 O} } - P_{a_{H_2 O} } )$$ oùE = débit évaporatoire cutané (g/h);S = débit sudoral total (g/h);SNE = débit de sueur non évaporée (g/h); $$P_{S_{H_2 O} } $$ = pression saturante de vapeur d'eau à la température cutanée (en mb) et $$P_{a_{H_2 O} } $$ = pression partielle de vapeur d'eau ambiante (mb). Le coefficient d'évaporation en air calme ainsi déterminé est de 5,18±0,22 W/m2 · mb.
    Notes: Abstract The authors have determined the coefficient of evaporative heat loss of the human body (h e) by means of humidity steps in low air movement (V a≤0,2 m/s). Such a determination requires a fully wetted skin and this implies therefore some loss of dripping sweat. The collection of this dripping sweat allows the determination of the total evaporation: this evaporation exists on the skin surface and around the drops during their fall from the skin to the oil pan where dripping sweat is collected. An estimation of this dripping sweat evaporation allows to assess the skin evaporation and, consequently, the evaporative coefficienth e. In these experimental conditions: ( $$E = S - SNE - 0,005{\text{ }}SNE{\text{ }}(P_{S_{H_2 O} } - P_{a_{H_2 O} } )$$ ) whereE is the skin evaporative rate (g/h);S = total sweat rate (g/h);SNE = the nonevaporative sweat rate (g/h); $$P_{S_{H_2 O} } $$ = the partial pressure of satured water (at $$\bar T_S $$ ) on skin (mb) and $$P_{a_{H_2 O} } $$ the partial pressure of water vapor in ambient air (mb). The coefficient of evaporative heat loss in low air movement thus found, is 5,18±0,22 W/m2 · mb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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