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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Drug addiction ; Brain ; Hippocampus ; Nerve cell damage ; Hypoxia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neuropathological studies were carried out on 180 human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative intravenous drug addicts. The findings in victims of acute heroin intoxication (n = 116) were congestion (99.1%), capillary engorgement (68.1%), and/or perivascular bleeding (68.1%) – hemodynamic processes attributable to toxic primary respiratory failure. In a high percentage of these cases (88%), cerebral edema was also present. In 18 cases of acute heroin intoxication who survived for periods of hours or days, the sole postmortem finding was ischemic nerve cell damage, resembling that typically seen in systemic hypoxia. Semiquantitative analysis revealed nerve cell loss in the hippocampal formation and/ or Purkinje cell layer in 26% of the 162 chronic drug abusers. By contrast, in nearly 80% of these cases, the hippocampus showed enhanced expression of glial fibrillary acid protein by astrocytes and/or a proliferation of microglia, demonstrated by CD68 expression. Since such reactive processes are produced by primary neuronal damage, it can be assumed that chronic intravenous drug abuse results in obviously ischemic nerve cell loss. This could be demonstrated in the hippocampus, but it must also occur throughout the whole brain. The demonstration of ischemic nerve cell damage and neuronal loss or secondary reactive alterations has not been described previously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Lymphom ; MRI ; Keywords Lymphoma ; Bone neoplasms ; Diffusion coefficient ; ADC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Purpose. Skeletal manifestation of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is rare in pediatric patients. Objective of the study was to determine imaging features, before and after treatment, and to correlate these features with clinical outcome. Methods. A retrospective analysis of 1246 patients from two therapy studies (NHL-BMF-90 and 95) was performed. Imaging studies of 63 patients with bone involvement of lymphoma were reevaluated. Results. Incidence of initial bone involvement in Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was 6.8%. Distribution was best assessed by bone scan, MRI revealed larger areas of marrow involvement and detected additional lesions. Sites of prediliction were long bones of the lower extremities with epiphyseal involvement in 39%. Residual signal alterations in MRI after succussful therapy remained in 71%. Osteonecrosis after therapy was a common finding. Clinical outcome war not correlated to the presence of bone involvement. Conclusions. Since clinical outcome is not effected by bone involvement in childhood NHL, value of screening may be limited. Knowledge of imaging characteristics is mandatory for inital evaluation of primary osseous lymphomas and symptomatic lesions as well as for therapy controlls.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung. Skelettale Manifestationen des Non-Hodgkin-Lymphoms sind selten. Ziel der Studie waren die Analyse charakteristischer Veränderungen in der Bildgebung vor und nach Therapie sowie die Korrelation mit dem Therapieerfolg. Methode. Die retrospektive Analyse von 2 Therapiestudien (NHL-BMF-90 und 95) schloss 1246 Patienten ein. Die bildgebenden Untersuchungen von 63 Patienten mit skelettalem Lymphombefall wurden reevaluiert. Ergebnisse. Die Inzidenz des initialen Skelettbefalls beim Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom lag bei 6,8%. Die Verteilung der Skelettherde wurde durch die Szintigraphie am sichersten erfasst, die MRT detektierte im Vergleich größere Markraumbeteiligungen sowie zusätzliche Herdbildungen im Skelett. Prädilektionsorte waren die langen Röhrenknochen der unteren Extremitäten mit epiphysärer Beteiligung in 39% der Fälle. Residuale Signalveränderungen im MRT verblieben trotz kompletter Remission in 71% der Fälle. Osteonekrosen nach Chemotherapie waren häufig. Die therapeutische Ergebnisse wurden durch das Vorhandensein eines Skelettbefalls nicht beeinflusst. Schlussfolgerungen. Aufgrund der Beobachtung, dass die Therapieergebnisse vom Nachweis eines Skelettbefalls nicht wesentlich beeinflusst werden, erscheint der Wert der Screeninguntersuchung begrenzt. Die Kenntnis des Erscheinungsbilds vom NHL in der Bildgebung ist aber für die Beurteilung der primär ossären Lymphome und symptomatischer Herdbildungen sowie in der Therapiekontrolle notwendig.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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