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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: spray pyrolysis ; apatite ; composite particle ; biomimetic deposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Apatite derived by sol-gel routes through an amorphous state or derived biomimetically is likely to provide chemically and biologically active surfaces. Thus apatite or apatite-composite particles were prepared by spray-pyrolysis of several solutions as they were applicable to medical treatment. Calcium lactate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solutions stabilized with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid were sprayed ultrasonically and pyrolysed at 600°C to yield amorphous particles of apatite while apatite-ferric oxide composite powders were prepared from the solutions of calcium lactate and ferric nitrate. Solutions of calcium nitrate and titanium ethoxide in 0.5 N HNO3 were also spray-pyrolysed at 600°C to prepare calcium titanate and titanium oxide particles trapped on a Ti substrate. Apatite could biomimetically be developed on the calcium titanate particles when they were soaked in an acellular simulated body fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: spray pyrolysis ; apatite ; composite particle ; biomimetic deposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Apatite derived by sol-gel routes through an amorphous state or derived biomimetically is likely to provide chemically and biologically active surfaces. Thus apatite or apatite-composite particles were prepared by spray-pyrolysis of several solutions as they were applicable to medical treatment. Calcium lactate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solutions stabilized with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid were sprayed ultrasonically and pyrolysed at 600°C to yield amorphous particles of apatite while apatite-ferric oxide composite powders were prepared from the solutions of calcium lactate and ferric nitrate. Solutions of calcium nitrate and titanium ethoxide in 0.5 N HNO3 were also spray-pyrolysed at 600°C to prepare calcium titanate and titanium oxide particles trapped on a Ti substrate. Apatite could biomimetically be developed on the calcium titanate particles when they were soaked in an acellular simulated body fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: ITER ; skyshine analysis ; exposure dose rate ; maintenance of an activated TF coil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Gamma-ray exposure dose rates at the ITER site boundary were estimated for the cases of removal of a failed activated Toroidal Field (TF) coil from the torus and removal of a failed activated TF coil together with a sector of the activated Vacuum Vessel (VV). Skyshine analyses were performed using the two-dimensional SN radiation transport code, DOT3.5. The exposure gamma-ray dose rates on the ground at the site boundary (presently assumed to be 1 km from the ITER building), were calculated to be 1.1 and 84 μSv/year for removal of the TF coil without and with a VV sector, respectively. The dose rate level for the latter case is close to the tentative radiation limit of 100 μSv/year so an additional ∼14 cm of concrete is required in the ITER building roof to satisfy the criterion for a safety factor often for the site boundary dose rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: ITER ; fusion safety approach ; safety report ; safety criteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper will summarize highlights of the safety approach and discuss the ITER EDA safety activities. The ITER safety approach is driven by three major objectives: (1) Enhancement or improvement of fusion's intrinsic safety characteristics to the maximum extent feasible, which includes a minimization of the dependence on dedicated “safety systems”; (2) Selection of conservative design parameters and development of a robust design to accommodate uncertainties in plasma physics as well as the lack of operational experience and data; and (3) Integration of engineered mitigation systems to enhance the safety assurance against potentially hazardous inventories in the device by deploying well-established “nuclear safety” approaches and methodologies tailored as appropriate for ITER.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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