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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Psycho-neurogene Faktoren bei der Genese lebensbedrohlicher Arrhythmien (1999)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 70 (1999), S. 830-835 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Tachyarrhythmie ; Kardioverter Defibrillator ; Psychogene Triggerung ; Emotional-kognitive Faktoren ; Key words Tachyarrhythmia ; Implantable cardioverter defibrillator ; Emotional stress ; Psychic arousal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Tachyarrhytmias often occur during increased emotional arousal or mental excitation. The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) allows the exact documentation of arrhythmic episodes and their time of onset. Therefore, the type of arrhythmia can be differentiated as well as the circumstances surrounding the event. These features allow the assessment of possible psychic arrhythmogenic factors in the natural environment. We analyzed the ICD-protocols of three male patients (in ages between 60 and 68), whose devices had successfully terminated a ventricular tachycardia and compared the onset of the episodes with the patients' detailed descriptions of the corresponding life situations. The analysis of the circumstances at the time of arrhythmia-onset revealed a relationship between the occurrence of life-threatening arrhythmias in natural environment and emotional stress. The stressors could be defined as situations of increased vulnerability leading to sympathetic excitation. The induction of tachyarrhythmia was promoted in case 1 by acute psychic distress (public speaking), by the increasing panic-attack-like vicious circle of the cognitive anticipation of an unfavorable outcome (case 2), and an adverse anger reaction superimposed on persistent feelings of help- and hopelessness (case 3). These findings are in line with several experimental and epidemiological studies providing evidence for a relationship between psychic arousal and the induction of tachyarrhythmias. The knowledge of emotional and mental factors that function as a trigger for arrhythmias may lead to new therapeutic approaches in the prevention of sudden cardiac death.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Tachyarrhythmien treten häufig während erhöhter psychischer Erregung auf. Bei Patienten, bei denen ein Kardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) implantiert wurde, lassen sich arrhythmische Episoden und deren Onset-Zeitpunkt exakt aufzeichnen und erlauben so einerseits die Differenzierung der aufgetretenen Rhythmusstörung und andererseits eine detailliertere Analyse der situativen Umstände und möglicher an der Auslösung beteiligter psychischer Komponenten. In der vorliegenden einzelfallbezogenen Studie wurden bei 3 männlichen Patienten im Alter zwischen 60 und 68 Jahren, bei denen der ICD erfolgreich eine ventrikuläre Tachykardie terminiert hatte, die ICD-Protokolle und die damit korrespondierenden Patientenaussagen analysiert. Die Analyse der akuten Onset-Bedingungen konnte ausgeprägte Zusammenhänge zwischen lebensbedrohlichen Herzrhythmusstörungen in natürlicher Umgebung und emotionalen Stressoren aufdecken. Als Stressoren wurden unterschieden eine vulnerable Situation, die eine psychogene Triggerung maligner Arrhythmien bewirkte (Fall 1); eine Panikepisoden-ähnliche Erwartungsspannung (Fall 2) sowie eine aversive Ärgerreaktion, die auf dem Boden eines andauernden Zustandes von Hilf- und Ausweglosigkeit (Fall 3) einen besonders potenten sympathiko-exzitatorischen Stimulus darstellt. Dieses Ergebnis deckt sich mit einer Reihe von laborexperimentellen und epidemiologischen Studien, die einen Zusammenhang zwischen psychischer Erregung und der Entstehung von Tachyarrhythmien belegen. Die Berücksichtigung emotional-kognitiver Faktoren bei der Arrhythmogenese könnte ein Beitrag bei der Therapie zur Prävention des plötzlichen Herztodes werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050519
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of multicomponent liquid adsorption equilibria (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 551-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new method of predicting adsorption equilibria for multicomponent liquid solutions on solids has been developed which combines the thermodynamic and kinetic treatments of liquid adsorption. Multicomponent equilibria can be predicted using parameters obtained from binary adsorption data. The method requires the adsorbent capacities, the bulk and surface phase activity coefficients, and the binary adsorption equilibrium constants. The calculation procedure is simpler than other available methods. Predictions are made for the mixture of benzene, ethyl acetate, and cyclohexane on activated carbon at 303 K. The predictions are in quantitative agreement with published experimental data for this system.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690330404
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of gas-solid adsorption data by the error-in-variables method (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1138-1145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A recently developed error-in-variables method of calculating regression parameters was applied to the modeling of gas-solid adsorption equilibria. The method accounts for error in all experimental variables in the regression calculations. Regression coefficients from pure component data calculated by the new method were used to predict multicomponent equilibria. The multicomponent predictions using pure component parameters calculated by the error-in-variables method were more accurae than predictions using parameters calculated by conventional least-squares regression.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320711
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption equilibrium constants and intraparticle diffusivities in molecular sieves by tracer-pulse chromatography (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1077-1085 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A perturbation chromatography technique using radiotracer gases has been developed to determine the adsorption equilibrium constants and diffusivities in molecular sieves. The ethane and ethylene 13X molecular sieve systems were studied in regions of high concentration. The data obtained by this technique are shown to be in agreement with equilibrium data obtained by static methods and with kinetic data obtained by adsorption uptake and chromatographic methods, but not with kinetic data obtained using NMR techniques. The tracer-pulse chromatographic technique is much more efficient for obtaining gas adsorption equilibria and intraparticle diffusivities and is considerably easier to adapt to wide pressure and temperature ranges than the conventional methods.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310705
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of carbon monoxide-nitrogen, carbon monoxide-oxygen, and oxygen-nitrogen mixtures on synthetic zeolites (1969)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 515-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental results for the adsorption of the binary gas mixtures oxygen-nitrogen, oxygen-carbon monoxide and nitrogen-carbon monoxide on two synthetic zeolites are reported. In all of these experiments the temperature was -200°F. and the total pressure was 1 atm. Also reported are the isotherms for the three pure gases on the two zeolites at -200°F. The results indicate that these zeolites have a surface selectivity which is independent of any sieving effect based on the size of the adsorbed molecules. It does not appear that the strong separations obtained can be explained in terms of the van der Waals forces which are generally believed to be dominant in physical adsorption. The available methods of predicting binary adsorption data from the pure gas isotherms have been examined.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690150410
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vacancy solution theory of adsorption using Flory-Huggins activity coefficient equations (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 268-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: New equations for the physical adsorption of gases on solids have been developed based on the vacancy solution model of adsorption in conjunction with the Flory-Huggins activity coefficient equations. The isotherm equation contains three regression parameters: a Henry's law constant, the limiting amount of adsorption, and a gas-solid interaction term. Pure-gas data over a range of temperature can be correlated using only five parameters. Gas-mixture equilibria can be predicted using only the parameters obtained from the pure-gas data. Pure-component, binary, and ternary adsorption equilibrium data on activated carbons, silica, and zeolites over a wide range of conditions have been used to evaluate the model. The results show that, except for a few systems, this model predicts gas-mixture equilibria better than any other model.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310214
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The vacancy solution model of adsorption - improvements and recommendations (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 2075-2081 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The vacancy solution model of adsorption which uses an activity coefficient equation of the Wilson form has been improved (1) by incorporating temperature dependency into the model, and (2) by development of a functional relationship between the adsorbate-adsorbate binary interaction parameters. This reduces the number of regression parameters and improves the predictive capabilities of the model. Comparisons of this improved model with the Flory-Huggins activity coefficient form of the vacancy solution model are presented for binary and ternary systems. For a priori predictions from pure-component data, the Flory-Huggins form is recommended. If experimental binary data are available for all pairs, the form that most accurately correlates the binary data should be used to predict higher-order systems.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690311217
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the Flory-Huggins theory to the system chloroform-polystyrene-butadiene rubber (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 1527-1532 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: According to the Flory-Huggins theory for polymer blends, the polymerpolymer interaction parameter, χ23, must be positive for incompatible polymers. Previous studies of the incompatible ternary system chloroform-polystyrerne-butadiene rubber yielded negative values of χ23 using a solution method based on the Flory-Huggins theory with the chloroform-butadiene rubber interaction parameter used as input. An alternate solution method using the chloroform-polystyrene interaction parameter as input has been used to obtain positive values of χ23 for this incompatible system. This variation in results indicates that the interaction parameters obtained using the Flory-Huggins theory are not physically meaningful. They are, however, useful as correlating parameters. Both sets of results, although quite different, are shown to correlate the experimental data identically well. In addition, the appropriate equations are presented for the case where one of the solvent-polymer interaction parameters is concentration dependent.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760312104
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