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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 121 (1976), S. 279-285 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Tryptic activity ; Chymotryptic activity ; Stool ; Prematures ; Sucklings ; Infants ; Diarrhoea ; Constipation ; Enteric bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bakterienproteasen verschiedener untersuchter Stämme der Proteus-, Pseudomonas aeruginosa-, Coli-, Streptococcus faecalis- und Bakteroidesgruppe stören die verwendeten Methoden zur Bestimmung der tryptischen und chymotryptischen Aktivität im Stuhl nicht. Beide innerhalb der Kollektive gemessenen Enzymaktivitäten folgen einer logarithmisch normalen Verteilung. Für die tryptische Aktivität liegt die untere Grenze der einfachen Standardabweichung in den Altersgruppen bei 51%, die obere bei 129% der Mittelwerte, entsprechend 60 und 170% für die chymotryptische Aktivität. Während für die chymotryptische Aktivität keine Unterschiede zwischen den 10 Altersgruppen mit insgesamt 157 weitestgehend gesunden Kindern bestehen, lassen sich für die tryptische Aktivität signifikante Differenzen zwischen der Gesamtgruppe der Frühgeborenen und älteren Kindern nachweisen. Auch die intraindividuellen täglichen Schwankungen der Enzymaktivitäten sind hoch und nur bei “Flaschenkindern” mit gleichbleibender Nahrung geringer. Bei Frühgeborenen und ganz jungen Säuglingen überwiegt die chymotryptische Aktivität, in späterem Alter die tryptische. Der Einfluß beschleunigter und verlangsamter Darmpassage auf die Streuung der Werte wird bei leichter Dyspepsie bzw. Obstipation als annähernd entsprechenden Modellen geprüft, wobei Vorbehalte bei der Interpretation dieser Untersuchungen zu machen sind. Die Beeinflussung der Enzymaktivitätswerte durch beide Passagestörungen geht nicht über die einfache Standardabweichung der jeweiligen Kontrollgruppe hinaus. Passagezeit und Nahrungseinfluß gehen neben anderen Faktoren in die Streuung der Enzymaktivitätswerte ein. Die starke Streuung der Aktivitätswerte im Rahmen der Altersgruppen setzt der Aussagekraft des Verfahrens engere Grenzen.
    Notes: Abstract Measurement of tryptic and chymotryptic activity in the faeces was not disturbed by bacterial proteolytic activity of different bacteria such as proteus, pseudomonas, coli, enterococci, bacteroides. Both activities within a group follow a logarithmic normal distribution. Lower limit of the standard deviation is 51%, upper limit 129% for tryptic activity, respectively 60 and 170% for chymotryptic activity. There were no differences in chymotryptic activity between the 10 age groups comprising 157 healthy children, whereas a significant difference could be found for tryptic activity between prematures and older children. Daily fluctuations of the enzyme activities are quite high in the same individual, and only reduced in “bottlefed” infants with constant nutrition. In prematures and very young infants chymotryptic activity predominates, later tryptic activity. Influence of increased and decreased bowel movements on deviation of the data was tested. There was, however, no real alteration of enzyme activity due to the bowel dysfunction beyond the standard deviation of the control groups. But passage time and nutrition have to be considered beside other factors in the wide distribution of the enzyme activities and the latter limits the value of this method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Prematures ; Infants ; Children ; Cystic fibrosis ; Dystrophy ; Diagnosis ; Therapy ; Pancreatic enzyme substitution ; Fecal fat ; Digestion ; Feces ; Tryptic activity ; Chymotryptic activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unter gewissen Voraussetzungen ist die Bestimmung der tryptischen, besonders aber der chymotryptischen Aktivität im Stuhl vor allem während der ersten 4–6 Lebenswochen als wichtige Maßnahme in der Diagnostik der Mucoviscidosis anzusehen. Nach Absetzen des Pankreasenzympräparates fällt die tryptische und chymotryptische Aktivität des Stuhles Mucoviscidosis-kranker Kinder ab. Nach Verabfolgung des Präparates steigt die Enzymaktivität in Abhängigkeit von der Höhe der Dosis an und erreicht die Aktivitätswerte altersentsprechender gesunder Kinder. Ein Vergleich zwischen der proteolytischen Aktivität und dem Fettgehalt des Stuhles im Rahmen von Untersuchungsperioden ohne Gabe des Pankreasenzympräparates und bei unterschiedlicher Dosierung des Präparates läßt eine signifikante Korrelation der beiden Parameter vermissen. Es ist nicht erlaubt, aus einer hohen proteolytischen Aktivität des Stuhles auf eine entsprechend verminderte Fettausscheidung zu schließen, da sich fäkale proteolytische Aktivität und Fettausscheidung nicht umgekehrt proportional zueinander verhalten. Man kann deshalb die Höhe der proteolytischen Aktivität im Stuhl von Mucoviscidosis-Patienten nicht als allgemeinen Maßstab für die gesamte Verdauungsleistung bei Pankreasenzymsubstitution betrachten.
    Notes: Abstract Under certain conditions the determination of the tryptic activity, especially of the chymotryptic activity in the feces mostly of infants in the first 4–6 weeks of life is considered to be an important step in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. The tryptic and chymotryptic activity in the feces of children with cystic fibrosis declines when the substitution of pancreatic enzymes is stopped. On resubstitution, the activity rises in relation to the dose and attains the activity related to age as found in healthy children. A comparison of the proteolytic activity with the fat content of the feces during the study period without the enzyme substitution and during the period when the enzyme dosage varied showed no significant correlation. It is not possible to postulate a poor excretion of fats merely from the high proteolytic activity of the feces because the fecal proteolytic activity and the fat excretion are not inversely proportional to one another. For this reason, one cannot conclude that the grade of the proteolytic activity in the feces of patients with cystic fibrosis is a yardstick for the total digestive process when they are under pancreatic enzyme substitution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 154 (1974), S. 321-327 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Mouse ; Pars intermedia ; Adrenoglomerulotropin ; Morphometric cytology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural changes in the pars intermedia of the mouse pituitary caused by dietary sodium deprivation were investigated quantitatively. Of the six classes of organelles and inclusions selected for analysis in the pars intermedia cells, only the mitochondria showed no significant changes, while all of the remaining classes showed statistically significant changes. The most conspicuous changes were an abrupt decrease in the number of secretory granules and the appearance of parallel arrays of rough endoplasmic reticulum. The Golgi apparatus also showed hypertrophy accompanied by newly formed granules. The number of vesicles increased temporarily and then decreased. These findings indicate that dietary sodium depletion, a stimulus to greater aldosterone secretion, causes significant changes in the pars intermedia cells within 3 days, and these signs of hyperfunction last up to 5 days. The present study suggests a possible new role of the pars intermedia in the regulation of aldosterone secretion in response to dietary sodium deprivation in the mouse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Mouse ; Pars intermedia ; Adrenoglomerulotropin ; Morphometric cytology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fine structural alterations were investigated in cells of the pars intermedia of the pituitary of mice treated for four weeks with (a) a sodium deficient diet, (b) a sodium deficient diet mixed with propranolol (renininhibitor), (c) a sodium deficient diet combined with propranolol and aminoglutethimide (corticosterone 18-hydroxylase inhibitor), and (d) a sodium deficient diet combined with propranolol, aminoglutethimide and dexamethasone. The number of secretory granules decreased from 5.0/μm2 in the normal control to 2.4/μm2 in all four experimental groups suggesting that the cells in treated groups had reached an equilibrium in the production and release of secretory granules during the chronic treatments. The number of immature Golgi granules per unit Golgi area was 0.91 in the control, while this value rose to 3.29 (3.62 fold of the control), 4.37 (4.8 fold), 4.94 (5.43 fold) and 5.16 (5.67 fold) respectively in the four experimental groups. In these groups a good correlation was observed between the number of immature granules and the percent volume of rough endoplasmic reticulum (r=0.985, p〈0.01). The present study suggests that the pars intermedia contains an unidentified pituitary factor (or factors) essential for aldosterone biosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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