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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 15 (1897), S. 84-89 
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 111 (1978), S. 1578-1590 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Über die konformative Präferenz in substituierten Cyclopentadienyl- und Heterocyclopentadienyl-KomplexenMO-Berechnungen ergeben erhebliche Barrieren für die internen Rotationen in Thiadiborolen-Fe(CO)3- und Diazaborolen-Cr(CO)3-Komplexen. Die Gleichgewichtsgeometrien der zwei Moleküle sollten verschieden sein. Eine MO-Fragmentanalyse erklärt diese Ergebnisse und führt darüberhinaus zu einer ganz allgemeinen Analyse der Rotationsbarrieren in Heterocyclopentadienyl- und substituierten Cyclopentadienyl-ML3- und -ML2-Komplexen. Für letztere wird ein gleitender Übergang von η5- nach η2-Koordination vorhergesagt.
    Notes: Molecular orbital calculations indicate substantial barriers to internal rotation in thiadiborolene-Fe(CO)3 and diazaborolene-Cr(CO)3 complexes. The equilibrium geometry of the two molecules should also differ. A fragment analysis explains these results and leads to a general analysis of rotational barriers in heterocyclopentadienyl and substituted cyclopentadienyl-ML3 and -ML2 complexes. In the latter an interesting “slipping” from η5 toward η2 coordination is predicted.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 111 (1978), S. 1591-1602 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cycloheptatrien- und Fulven-Cr(CO)3-KomplexeIm Tricarbonylchrom(0)-Komplex von 1,6-Methano[10]annulen und in einigen verwandten Komplexen nimmt die Cr(CO)3-Einheit verglichen mit allen anderen Hexatrien-Cr(CO)3-Systemen eine anomale Orientierung relativ zum Polyen ein. Eine theoretische Analyse dieses Problems zeigt, daß diese Vorzugskonformation eng mit der Cycloheptatrien-Norcaradien-Valenztautomerie zusammenhängt. Mögliche Wege, die Rotationsbarriere in derartigen Komplexen zu beeinflussen, werden aufgezeigt. Vorzugskonformation, Rotationsbarriere und Abknicken der exocyclischen Methylengruppe in Tricarbonyl(η6-fulven)chrom(0) werden diskutiert und die Analyse wird auf die analogen Benzyl-Cr(CO)3- und Cyclobutadiencarbinyl-Fe(CO)3-Kationen ausgedehnt. Die Konformation dieser Komplexe wird solchen gegenübergestellt, die zwei Elektronen mehr enthalten.
    Notes: 1,6-Methano[10]annulene-Cr(CO)3 and several related complexes adopt an anomalous orientation of the Cr(CO)3 unit with respect to the polyene, compared to all other hexatriene-Cr(CO)3 complexes. A theoretical analysis of this problem shows that these conformational preferences are closely related to the cycloheptatriene-norcaradiene valence tautomerism. Several strategies for influencing the barrier to internal rotation in these complexes are presented. An analysis of the conformational preference, rotational barrier, and bending of the exocyclic methylene group in fulvene-Cr(CO)3 is also discussed. This is extended to the analogous benzyl-Cr(CO)3 and cyclobutadiene-carbinyl-Fe(CO)3 cations. Finally, the orientations of these complexes are contrasted to those containing two more electrons.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A combined theoretical and experimental study of the binding and interaction of valproic acid (VPA) with the bacterial cytochrome P450cam enzyme and the determination of regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation product distribution was performed. From the experiments, C4—;OH VPA was found to be the predominant hydroxylation product with a small amount of C5—OH VPA formed. The experimental stereoselectivity of hydroxylation was 2R4S 〉 ∼ 2S4R 〉 2R4R 〉 ∼ 2S4S and 2S5 〉 ∼ 2R5. The overall goals of the theoretical study were twofold: (1) to characterize as completely as possible, using energy optimization and molecular dynamics simulations, the interactions of flexible ligands with their target proteins, and (2) to determine the extent to which these results could be used to develop criteria to predict or explain the experimentally observed regio- and stereoselectivity of hydroxylation of the flexible ligands. Among the useful insights into the behavior of flexible ligands upon binding to their traget proteins obtained are (1) a large change in conformation occurs for many conformers of VPA upon binding to P450cam, (2) low- energy conformers of VPA do not necessarily lead to optimum interactions with the target protein, and (3) the most favorable mode of interaction of this flexible ligand with the protein binding site has been identified and found to be a result of strong electrostatic interactions between VPA and both Tyr96 and Asp297. For the study of the hydroxylated VPA products, the challenging aspect of this problem was to determine criteria for weighing the contribution of each of the possible protein-ligand complexes. To this end, various possibilities were examined and compared with the experimental results. No single complex was found to reproduce the observed experimental regio- and stereoselectivity. This result indicates that more than one bioactive form of VPA contributes to its oxidation. Results most consistent with experiment are obtained by using the interaction energy of the protein-ligand complex as a criterion for including its contribution to product formation. Although there are remaining disparities between predicted and observed product distributions, the combined theoretical and experimental effort has led to insights into the modes of interaction of this flexible ligand that lead to its observed product specificity. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Les réactions de la 2-chloropurine et d'autre bases, catalysées par la xanthine oxidase, ont été étudiées avec des méthodes différentes basées sur l'idée des orbitales molécularies, telles que HMO, ω-SCF—HMO, et PPP. Ces études not démontré l'importance des indices de réactivité électronique pour comprendre les réactions d'enzymes. De plus il paraît possible de prédire la spécificité de l'enzyme d'une analyse systématique de la différence entre les sites de réactions prédits et observés dans des substrats avec des substituants 2- et 8-oxy.Les concepts de densité d'obritale de frontière, de superdélocalisabilité et d'énergie de localisation se sont avérés tres utiles. Les Méthodes différentes ont donné en général dees résultats consistants.
    Abstract: Ein genauses Studium der durch Xanthine-Oxidas katalysierten Reaktionen von 2-Chloropurin und anderen Basen mittels verschiedenen MO-Methoden, wie HMO, ω-SCF—HMO, PPP, zeigt dass die Enzymreaktionen in der Sprache von elektronischen Reaktivitätsindizes beschrieben werden können. Es scheint möglich das Enzymspezifizität von einer systematischen Analysis der Verschiedenheit zwischen theoretisch berechnbeten und observierten Reaktionslagen in Substraten Mit 2- und 8-oxy Substituenten vorherzusagen.De Regriffe der Grenzorbitaldichte, des Superdelokalisabilitäts und der Lokalisierungsenergie sind sich sehyr nützlich rewiesen. Verschiedence MO-Methoden gaben im allgemeinen übereinstimmende Resultate.
    Notes: A detailed study to the xanthine oxidase-catalyzed reactions of 2-chloropurine and other substrate bases with various molecular-orbital techniques such as HMO, ω-SCF—HMO, and ppp semiempirical SCF—LCAO—MO has shown that the enzyme reactions can be understood in terms of electronic reactivity indices. Furthermore, it appeared possible to suggest the enzyme specificity from a systematic analysis of discrepancy between mo theoretically predicted and observed reaction sites in substrates with 2- and 8-oxy substituents. In other words, the discrepancy does not necessarily indicate the failure of the MO melthodes for such substrates, but it is possible to utilize the result in correlating with binding specificity of the ES complex. This has been done specifically for 2-chloropurine.Among several electronic reacxtivity indices, frontier orbital density, superdelocalizability, and localization energy have been proved to be very useful. Diferent MO methods gave, in general, consistent results.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 11 (1990), S. 346-350 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Atomic partial charges for three model systems that mimic the metal-ligand moiety of the active site in the enzyme Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) have been calculated at the ab initio level. The model systems include copper and zinc complexes with imidazole, formate and ammonia ligands. The partial charges thus obtained have been incorporated into force fields for molecular simulations. Simulations carried out with these force fields justify the need for specialized charge assignments for the metals and their ligands.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Density functional theory is tested on a large ensemble of model compounds containing a wide variety of functional groups to understand better its ability to reproduce experimental molecular geometries, relative conformational energies, and dipole moments. We find that gradient-corrected density functional methods with triple-ζ plus polarization basis sets reproduce geometries well. Most bonds tend to be approximately 0.015 Å longer than the experimental results. Bond angles are very well reproduced and most often fall within a degree of experiment. Torsions are, on average, within 4 degrees of the experimental values. For relative conformational energies, comparisons with Hartree-Fock calculations and correlated conventional ab initio methods indicate that gradient-corrected density functionals easily surpass the Hartree-Fock approximation and give results which are nearly as accurate as MP2 calculations. For the 35 comparisons of conformational energies for which experimental data was available, the root mean square (rms) deviation for gradient-corrected functionals was approximately 0.5 kcal mol-1. Without gradient corrections, the rms deviation is 0.8 kcal mol-1, which is even less accurate than the Hartree-Fock calculations. Calculations with extended basis sets and with gradient corrections incorporated into the self-consistent procedure generate dipole moments with an rms deviation of 5%. Dipole moments from local density functional calculations, with more modest basis sets, can be scaled down to achieve roughly the same accuracy. In this study, all density functional geometries were generated by local density functional self-consistent calculations with gradient corrections added in a perturbative fashion. Such an approach generates results that are almost identical to the self-consistent gradient-corrected calculations, which require significantly more computer time. Timings on scalar and vector architectures indicate that, for moderately sized systems, our density functional implementation requires only slightly less computer resources than established Hartree-Fock programs. However, our density functional calculations scale much better and are significantly faster than their MP2 counterparts, whose results they approach. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 11 (1990), S. 743-753 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Two approaches to the simulation of internal rotation potential energies in substituted ethanes are formulated for general applications. Called the vicinal Fourier coefficient and vicinal pair energy methods, they differ only in form. The latter procedure has the advantage of yielding energy terms that represent pairwise interactions between vicinal substitutents. As numerical examples, the potential energies of ethane and five of its simple methyl and chloro derivatives are employed to simulate the corresponding energies of two higher derivatives of the series. The initial energy data were calculated by the molecular mechanics method (MM2) with geometry optimizations and the ab initio MO procedure (STO-3G) with standard geometries. Results indicate that simulated energies are reasonably accurate for the flexible-rotor model (MM2) and extremely accurate for the rigid-rotor model (STO-3G). Deviations appear to be systematic and may be rationalized on the basis of molecular structure.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 121 (1988), S. 2049-2051 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Novel Fused N-Heterocycles Derived from 3,6-Dichloro-4-pyridazinecarbonyl Chloride3,6-Dichloro-4-pyridazinecarbonyl chloride (4) reacts with primary amines to yield the N-containing fused heterocyclic compounds 2, 8, and 9a, b. 4 forms the pyridazino-oxadiazepines 7a-d with the in situ generated hydroxyguanidines 6a-d. The diazocinedione 1 is obtained by reaction of 3,6-dichloro-4-pyridazinecarboxamide (3) with anthranilic acid methyl ester.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1739-1746 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Nitrilimines ; Phosphorus heterocycles ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions involving the λ3-phosphorus atom of N-[bis(diisopropylamino)phosphanyl)]-C-[(bis(diisopropylamino) -thio-phosphoranyl)nitrilimine (1) are reported. Addition of elemental sulfur or selenium to 1 leads, by a formal [1 + 4] cycloaddition, to 1,3,4,2λ5-thiadiazaphosphole 3a or 1,3,4,2λ5-selenodiazaphosphole 3b in 85 and 84% yield, respectively. Reactions of 1 with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and tetracyanoethylene afford the corresponding [2 + 4] adducts 1,2,3λ5-diazaphosphinine 6 (80% yield) and 1,2,4,3λ5-triazaphosphinine 10 (80% yield). Phenyl azide reacts with 1 with loss of nitrogen to give 1,2,4,3λ5-triazaphosphole 15 (74% yield), while the reaction of 1 with α-diazo ketone 17 leads with conservation of the N2 grouping to the formation of 1,2,4,3λ5-triazaphosphole 20 (85% yield). Addition of methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate to 1 affords N-[bis(diisopropylamino)methylphosphonioyl]-C-[bis(diisopropylamino)thiophosphoranyl]nitrilimine 22. In contrast to 1, the new stable nitrilimine 22 is strongly electrophilic. [2 + 3] cycloadditions are observed with ethyl vinyl ether, styrene, methyl acrylate and phenylacetylene to furnish the corresponding pyrazolines 23 - 25 and pyrazole 26 in good yields. Water adds to 22 by a 1,3-addition process to give hydrazine 27 (88% yield). The lithium salt 30 of [bis(diisopropyl-amino)thiophosphoranyl](diazo)methane reacts with [bis(pentafluorophenyl)](chloro)phosphane to afford the corresponding diazo compound 32 (50% yield) while the reaction with (chloro)(phenyl)[2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphane furnishes nitrilimine 33 in 82% yield. Only 1,3-addition reactions with water or diisopropylamine leading to hydrazine 34 (65% yield) and hydrazone 35 (54% yield) are observed on treatment with this new poorly reactive nitrilimine.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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