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  • K+ channel  (2)
  • Aesthetic refinement  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of plastic surgery 14 (1991), S. 280-284 
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Keywords: Reduced latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap ; Tissue expander ; Aesthetic refinement ; Capsular vascular plexus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The reduced latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap is a recently reported flap, consisting of a proximal musculocutaneous unit and a distal, thin fasciocutaneous or cutaneous unit. It can be used to obtain satisfactory contour of the recipient site. In cases where a larger and thinner flap is required, we employ pretransfer tissue expansion of the reduced latissimus dorsi flap. Application of the tissue expander appears to increase both the area and the vascularity of the flap. We have so far employed two pedicled and four free-expanded reduced latissimus dorsi flaps in the repair of a variety of defects. All of these flaps survived, and suitable contour, along with primary closure of the donor site, was obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 406 (1986), S. 563-567 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Apical cell membrane ; K+ channel ; Patch-clamp ; Gallbaladder ; Ca2+ activation ; Voltage activation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The presence of Ca2+- and voltage-activated K+ channels was directly demonstrated in the apical cell membrane of gallbladder epithelium by patch-clamp single-channel current recording. In K+-depolarized epithelial cells, negative pipette potentials induced outward current steps when the patch-pipette was filled with Na+-rich solution and these current steps were not affected by the presence or absence of Cl−. When K+-rich solution was in the pipette and K+-depolarized cells were examined, the current-voltage relations were linear with a single-channel conductance of 140 pS and polarity was reversed at 0 mV. In excised inside-out membrane patches, raising the free Ca2+ concentration of the medium facing the inner side of the membrane from 10−7 to 10−6 M evoked a marked increase in open state probability of the channels without affecting the elementary current steps. This suggests that intracellular Ca2+ as a second messenger plays a crucial role in the regulatory mechanism of the membrane potential by modulating the high-conductance apical K+ channels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Patch-clamp single channel recording ; K+ channel ; K+ conductance ; Rb+ conductance ; Salivary gland ; Pancreas ; Acinar cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Single-channel current recordings were carried out on excised inside-out patches of baso-lateral plasma membrane from exocrine acinar cells. The mouse pancreas and submandibular gland as well as the pig pancreas were investigated. In the mouse pancreas the voltage-insensitive Ca2+-activated cation channel was studied. Single-channel current-voltage (i/v) relationships were studied in symmetrical Rb+-rich solutions and in asymmetrical Rb+/Na+ and Na+/Rb+ solutions. In all cases the i/v relations were linear and had the same slope representing a single-channel conductance of about 33 pS which is identical to that previously obtained with symmetrical Na+ solutions or asymmetrical Na+/K+ solutions. In the mouse submandibular gland and the pig pancreas the voltage and Ca2+-activated K+ channel was studied. The outward currents observed after depolarization in the presence of quasi-physiological Na+/K+ gradients were immediately abolished when all the K+ in the bath fluid was replaced by Rb+ (bath fluid in contact with inside of plasma membrane). This effect was immediately and fully reversible upon return to the high K+ solution. The voltage and Ca2+-activated K+ channel was also studied in asymmetrical K+/Rb+ and Rb+/K+ solutions. In the first case inward (K+) currents could be observed but not outward (Rb+) currents, while in the other case inward (Rb+) currents could not be seen whereas outward (K+) currents were measured. The current-voltage relationships were approximately linear and the null potential was close to 0 mV in both situations. In contrast the null potential for current through the K+ channel in the presence of asymmetrical Na+/K+ or Li+/K+ solutions was about −70 mV and with reversed gradients about +60 mV. Outward K+ currents of reduced size (through the voltage and Ca2+-activated K+ channel) could be observed when the bath fluid contained 75 mM K+ and 75 mM Rb+, but not (in the same membrane patches) when 150 mM Rb+ and no K+ was present. It is concluded that the large voltage- and Ca2+-activated K+ channel has an extremely low Rb+ conductance. It is possible, however, that the permeability for Rb+ may be about the same as for K+. The voltage-insensitive Ca2+-activated cation channel does not discriminate between K+ and Rb+.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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