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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Kidney ; MR, 81.1214 ; Kidney, neoplasm, 81.31, 81.21 ; Magnetic resonance (MR), contrast enhancement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background This study evaluates the ability of MRI to stage transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Methods Nine patients who had transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract detected by other imaging modalities underwent MRI examination at 1.5 T. Imaging included pre- and postgadolinium-DTPA T1-weighted images (9 patients) pre- and postgadolinium chelate T1-weighted fat-suppressed spin echo (7 patients). Postcontrast images were acquired prior to the presence of gadolinium within the collecting system (〈2 min postcontrast), intermediate (2.5–8 min), and late (〉10 min) postcontrast. Images were prospectively interpreted and lesion staging was determined. Correlation with histopathology was obtained in all cases. Results Transitional cell cancers were demonstrated in 9/9 patients, and tumors ranged in size from 2 to 8 cm (mean = 3.8 cm) in one dimension. Correct tumor staging was performed in 8/9 patients. The staging error in one case occurred because direct tumor extension into the renal parenchyma was not detected. Conclusions The results of this preliminary study show that MRI stages transitional cell cancers relatively well; however, MRI is not able to detect superficial invasion of renal parenchyma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 162 (1992), S. 197-202 
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Angiotensin II ; Autoradiography ; Seawater-adaptation ; trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (= Salmogairdneri)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tissue slices from seawater-adapted and freshwater-adapted rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were exposed to 125I-angiotensin II (1.01·10-9 M) and binding sites located by light-microscopic autoradiography. Binding/uptake was significantly inhibited by excess (10-5 M) unlabelled angiotensin II, suggesting specific binding/uptake of angiotensin II to the ventral and dorsal aorta (smooth muscle), urinary bladder (smooth muscle and epithelial lining), glomeruli and proximal tubules, the gill (lamellae and central filament), skin (epithelium), intestine and oesophagus (mucosal epithelium), liver, heart (ventricular myocytes), adrenocortical tissue and brain (cerebellum and medulla oblongata). The specific binding/uptake of angiotensin II to tissues of freshwater- and seawater-adapted animals were generally similar. However, binding/uptake by the proximal tubules was significantly higher in freshwater-adapted trout than seawater-adapted trout. Specific binding/uptake of angiotensin II by the smooth muscle of the bladder was significantly higher in trout adapted to seawater than trout adapted to freshwater.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 315-319 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glomerulus ; Angiotensin II ; Glomerular ultrastructure ; Seawater adaptation ; Salmo gairdneri (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Slices from the kidneys of the rainbow trout which were exposed to 10-6 or 10-5 M angiotensin II (AII) and isolated glomeruli exposed to 10-7 or 10-5 M AII showed ultrastructural changes compared to control tissues incubated without AII. The studies indicate that angiotensin II has a direct action on glomerular ultrastructure, flattening the epithelial podocytes and broadening the primary processes with fusion of pedicels in extreme cases. These changes suggest a probable effect of AII on water permeability of the trout glomerulus, an intrarenal action which is believed to form an essential part of the antidiuretic adaptation to increased environmental salinities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 205-218 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Glomerulus ; Ultrastructure ; Teleosts ; Seawater adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The epithelial ultrastructure of the glomerulus of fresh- and sea-water adapted rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy after in vivo-perfusion fixation. Adaptation to seawater for a period of up to 9 weeks was not associated with a change in glomerular size, although after one year in seawater both glomeruli and their capsules were significantly smaller than the glomeruli of freshwater adapted fish. In freshwater adapted trout the epithelial ultrastructure conformed to the general vertebrate pattern, with rounded podocytes, well-defined primary processes and interdigitating pedicels. Adaptation to seawater was associated with a marked increase in the frequency of cytoplasmic microprojections. In many glomeruli there was a flattening of the podocytes, broadening of the primary processes, and areas of closely-packed pedicels were common. These observations are discussed in the light of previous studies on the mammalian kidney and the changes of single nephron function known to be associated with adaptation of trout to increased environmental salinities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 437-442 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Angiotensin II ; Glomerulus ; Salmo gairdneri ; Seawater-adaptation ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of angiotensin infusion on the glomerular ultrastructure of freshwater- and seawater-adapted rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, has been examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Adaptation of trout to seawater resulted in epithelial podocyte flattening, primary process broadening and apparent loss of foot processes in almost all glomeruli, features which were uncommon in freshwater-adapted trout. Similar changes were induced by infusion of freshwater-adapted animals with angiotensin, suggesting that the renin-angiotensin system plays a role in the modification of glomerular epithelial ultrastructure. Adaptation of trout to seawater also reduced glomerular diameter, but infusion of freshwater-adapted animals with angiotensin did not mirror this effect. Infusion of angiotensin into seawater-adapted animals increased the overall thickness of glomerular basement membrane by increasing the lamina rara interna and lamina densa. This did not occur when freshwater-adapted fish were either infused with angiotensin or adapted to seawater. These findings suggest that other humoral systems are involved in the control of glomerular diameter and basement membrane thickness as part of an integrated response to increased environmental salinity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 479-482 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Glomerulus ; Angiotensin II ; Salmo gairdneri (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolated glomeruli of the rainbow trout have been exposed in vitro to125I-angiotensin II (0.88 × 10−9 M) and binding sites located by light-microscopic autoradiography. These studies provide evidence of specific binding of angiotensin II by glomeruli. Binding was significantly inhibited by excess (10−5 M) unlabelled angiotensin II, but a high degree of non-specific binding also occurred. The mammalian competitive antagonist, saralasin (3 × 10−7 M) did not influence125I-angiotensin II binding to fish glomeruli. Intense binding of125I-angiotensin II was noted at the vascular pole of some glomeruli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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