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  • 1
    ISSN: 1364-6753
    Keywords: Key words Alzheimer disease ; Amyloid plaques ; APOE gene ; Dementia ; Neurofibrillary tangles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: ABSTRACT Alois Alzheimer published two papers on the disease which was named after him by Emil Kraepelin in 1910. Each of these papers contains clinical and pathological data on a patient Alzheimer had seen at the hospital. We have previously reported on the rediscovery of tissue sections from Alzheimer's second published case of Alzheimer disease, Johann F., which probably gave the disease its name (Neurogenetics 1997; 1 : 73–80). Here, we describe the histopathology and APOE genotype of Alois Alzheimer's first patient, Auguste D. As in the case of Johann F., a large number of tissue sections belonging to Alzheimer's laboratory, which was later headed by Spielmeyer, were found among material kept at the Institute of Neuropathology of the University of Munich. As described by Alzheimer in his original report (Allg Zeitschr Psychiatr 1907; 64 : 146–148), there were numerous neurofibrillary tangles and many amyloid plaques, especially in the upper cortical layers of this patient. Yet, there was no microscopic evidence for vascular, i.e., arteriosclerotic, lesions. Interestingly, Alzheimer's histological preparations did not include the hippocampus or entorhinal region. The APOE genotype of this patient was shown to be ε3/ε3 by PCR-based restriction enzyme analysis, indicating that mutational screening of the tissue is feasible. The historical importance of the case of Auguste D. lies in the fact that it marks the beginning of research into Alzheimer disease. In addition, neurofibrillary tangles were first described in this brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 229 (1980), S. 1-16 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Manic psychoses ; Valproate ; GABA ; Lithium ; Manische Psychosen ; Valproat ; GABA ; Lithium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unter Verwendung eines doppel-blinden ABA-Designs mit Placebo-Kontrolle wurde bei 5 Patienten mit akuter Manie eine mögliche antimanische Wirkung des GABA-ergen Anticonvulsivums Valproat untersucht. Bei 4 Patienten wurde eine deutliche Besserung beobachtet, während ein Patient auf Valproat nicht reagierte. Bei 7 weiteren Patienten mit häufig wiederkehrenden Phasen einer manischen oder maniformen schizoaffektiven Psychose, die auf die Lithium-Prophylaxe nicht ansprachen, wurde eine Dauerbehandlung mit Valproat in Kombination mit kleinen Lithium-Dosen durchgeführt. (In einem Fall wurde nur Valproat, ohne Lithium, gegeben.) Im Verlauf einer Beobachtungsphase von 1 1/2–3 Jahren wurde bei keinem dieser Patienten ein Rückfall beobachtet. Es wird die Hypothese vorgeschlagen, daß grundsätzlich GABA-erge Anticonvulsiva antimanische Eigenschaften aufweisen und daß auch der spezifische antimanische Effekt von Lithium auf einer GABA-ergen Wirkungskomponente beruht. Eine mögliche pathophysiologische Bedeutung zentraler GABA-Systeme bei affektiven und organischen Psychosen (z.B. Porphyrie, Delirium tremens) wird auf der Basis pharmakopsychiatrischer Überlegungen diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary A possible antimanic property of the GABA-ergic anticonvulsant valproate was examined by use of a double-blind placebo-controlled ABA design in 5 acutely ill manic patients. In 4 cases a marked improvement was observed after valproate medication whereas one patient showed no response. Seven further patients with frequently recurrent episodes of a manic or maniform schizoaffective psychosis, irresponsive to lithium prophylaxis, were chronically treated with valproate in combination with low doses of lithium (one case only with valproate). Over an observation period of 1 1/2–3 years none of the patients exhibited a relapse. It is proposed that, in general, GABA-ergic anticonvulsants possess antimanic properties and that the specific antimanic effect of lithium is due to a GABA-ergic mode of action. The possible role of GABA-systems in affective disorders and in organic types of psychoses (e.g., porphyria-psychosis, delirium tremens) is discussed on the basis of pharmacopsychiatric considerations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 249 (1999), S. 144-149 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Key words Depression ; Bipolar disorder ; Lithium ; Prophylaxis ; Efficacy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It has been reported recently that the prophylactic efficacy of lithium is a transient phenomenon in many patients. Other studies suggest sustained efficacy against affective recurrences for many years. As this issue is of major therapeutic relevance, published literature considering changes in lithium efficacy over time has been reviewed. The present review includes a critical evaluation of the data and the methodology which yielded these controversial results. Considering the published data discussed in this review, the balance of evidence does not indicate a general loss of lithium efficacy in the prophylaxis of major affective disorders. A supposed persistence of the prophylactic effects in general does not, however, exclude the reappearance of affective recurrences after years of successful treatment in individual cases. Possible reasons for this phenomenon are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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