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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granulomatous lesions in the lung induced by inhalation of mold spores (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 661-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Lung granuloma ; Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue ; Mold inhalation ; Aspergillus versicolor ; Germ-free rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The health hazards associated with grain dust exposure have been recognized as a cause of lung diseases. In the present study, we used germ-free rats exposed to Aspergillus versicolor to elucidate the mechanism for the lung damage induced by grain dust exposure. One month after exposure to the mold, remarkable proliferation of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues with germinal centres was induced by aspiration of mold spores. After 1 month, alveolar macrophages increased, becoming foamy macrophages by ingestion and digestion of mold spores. They expressed interleukin (IL)-1, Ia antigens and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 intensely and occasionally bound lymphocytes. Numerous lymphocytes infiltrated the granulomatous lesions which consisted of accumulated foamy macrophages and some T lymphocytes which carried IL-2 receptor. Granulomatous lesions were identified in the entire lung, especially around bronchioles. They extended from alveolar ducts to alveolar spaces for 6 months after exposure to the mold. The macrophage appears to be a key effector cell in granulomatous reactions to inhaled molds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195782
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granulomatous lesions in the lung induced by inhalation of mold spores (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 661-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Lung granuloma ; Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue ; Mold inhalation ; Aspergillus versicolor ; Germ-free rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The health hazards associated with grain dust exposure have been recognized as a cause of lung diseases. In the present study, we used germ-free rats exposed toAspergillus versicolor to elucidate the mechanism for the lung damage induced by grain dust exposure. One month after exposure to the mold, remarkable proliferation of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues with germinal centres was induced by aspiration of mold spores. After 1 month, alveolar macrophages increased, becoming foamy macrophages by ingestion and digestion of mold spores. They expressed interleukin (IL)-1, Ia antigens and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 intensely and occasionally bound lymphocytes. Numerous lymphocytes infiltrated the granulomatous lesions which consisted of accumulated foamy macrophages and some T lymphocytes which carried IL-2 receptor. Granulomatous lesions were identified in the entire lung, especially around bronchioles. They extended from alveolar ducts to alveolar spaces for 6 months after exposure to the mold. The macrophage appears to be a key effector cell in granulomatous reactions to inhaled molds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01069748
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereospecific polymerization of α-methylstyrene by friedel-crafts catalysts (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 4 (1966), S. 923-931 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The relationship between stereoregularity and polymerization conditions of α-methylstyrene has been studied by means of NMR spectra. The effects of solvents and various Freidel-Crafts catalysts have been investigated. The stereoregularity of poly-α-methylstyrene increased with increased polymer solubility in the solvent used and with decreasing polymerization temperature. This behavior is completely different from the stereospecific polymerization of vinyl ethers and methyl methacrylate in homogeneous systems. This may be due to the strong steric repulsion exerted by the two substituents in the α-position of α-methylstyrene. For example, with BF3 · O(C2H5)2 as catalyst at -78°C., atactic polymer is obtained in n-hexane, a nonsolvent for α-methylstyrene, whereas highly stereoregular polymer is produced in toluene or methylene chloride, good solvents for the polymer. However, the polarity of the solvent and the nature of the catalyst hardly affect the stereoregularity of the polymer.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1966.150040418
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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