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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 1211 (1994), S. 277-282 
    ISSN: 0005-2760
    Keywords: Chromogranin ; Lysolecithin ; Secretion
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 263 (1969), S. 340-357 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Adrenal Medulla ; Chromaffin Granules ; Noradrenaline Granules ; Microsomes ; Lysolecithin ; Nebennierenmark ; chromaffine Granula ; Noradrenalingranula ; Mikrosomen ; Lysolecithin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die quantitative Verteilung von chromaffinen Granula und von Mikrosomen (durch Bestimmung der Glucose-6-Phosphatase) in den durch Differentialzentrifugation erhaltenen Fraktionen aus Schweinenebennierenmark wurde untersucht. Das Sediment II (“large granule fraction”), in dem sich die chromaffinen Granula befinden, enthält auch einen beträchtlichen Anteil der Mikrosomen. Durch neuerliche Zentrifugation (→ Sediment III) kann der Gehalt an Mikrosomen reduziert werden. 2. Durch Zentrifugation des Sediments III über 1,6 M Saccharoselösung können Granula isoliert werden, die etwa gleichviel Noradrenalin und Adrenalin enthalten (Mischgranula). Durch Zentrifugation über 2,05 bzw. 2,15 M Saccharose werden Granula isoliert, in denen 87,5±2% (n=18) der Katecholamine als Noradrenalin vorliegen (Noradrenalin-Granula). Die Verunreinigung dieser Granulafraktionen durch Mitochondrien, Lysosomen und Mikrosomen wird durch die Bestimmung charakteristischer Enzyme untersucht. 3. Chromaffine Granula, die bei 37° in isotoner Saccharose inkubiert werden, geben in den ersten 15 min 20% des Noradrenalin-, aber nur 2% des Adrenalingehaltes an das Medium ab. Nach diesem Zeitpunkt ist die Geschwindigkeit der Noradrenalin- bzw. Adrenalinabgabe gleich. 4. Der molare Katecholamin/ATP-Quotient beträgt für Misch- und Noradrenalingranula 4,5–5,0. 5. 70% der Eiweiße in den Noradrenalingranula sind wasserlöslich. Durch Disk-Electrophorese der löslichen Proteine wird gezeigt, daß Noradrenalin- und Mischgranula ähnliche Eiweiße besitzen. Signifikante Unterschiede in der Aminosäurezusammensetzung der löslichen Eiweiße der Mischgranula und der unlöslichen Eiweiße der Noradrenalingranula werden festgestellt. 6. Der Lysolecithingehalt der Mischgranula beträgt 13,5, der der Noradrenalingranula 20% des Lipidphosphors. Der Großteil des Lysolecithins im Nebennierenmark ist in den chromaffinen Granula und zwar in der Membran dieser Organellen lokalisiert.
    Notes: Summary 1. The distribution of chromaffin granules (catecholamines) and of microsomes (glucose-6-phosphatase) between the subcellular fractions of pig adrenal medulla was investigated. The sediment II (large granule fraction) in which the chromaffin granules are found contained a considerable amount of microsomes. This microsomal contamination could be reduced by an additional centrifugation step (→ sediment III). 2. Centrifugation of sediment III over 1,6 M sucrose solution yielded a sediment of granules which contained an equal amount of noradrenaline and adrenaline (= mixed granules). By centrifugation over either 2.05 or 2.15 M sucrose, granules were isolated which contained 87.5±2% (n=18) of their catecholamines as noradrenaline (noradrenaline-granules). The contamination of the mixed and noradrenaline-granules by other cell organelles was investigated. 3. During incubation of granules in isotonic sucrose at 37° 20% of the noradrenaline, but only 2% of the adrenaline content, was released into the medium within the first 15 min. From 15 min onwards noradrenaline and adrenaline were released at the same rate. 4. The proteins of noradrenaline-granules were found to be highly water soluble (70% of the total proteins). Disc-electrophoresis of the soluble proteins revealed that mixed- and noradrenaline-granules contained identical proteins. Significant differences in the amino acid composition of the soluble proteins of mixed granules and the insoluble proteins of noradrenaline-granules were found. 5. The lysolecithin content of mixed granules was 13.5% of the total phospholipids, that of noradrenaline-granules 20%. Most of the lysolecithin in the adrenal medulla is localised in the membranes of the chromaffin granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 261 (1968), S. 379-388 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Nebennierenmark ; Chromaffine Granula ; Phospholipide ; Lysolecithin ; Fettsäurezusammensetzung ; Adrenal Medulla ; Chromaffin granules ; Phospholipids ; Lysolecithin ; Fatty acid composition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. The fatty acid composition of total phospholipids and of Jecithin, lysolecithin and phosphatidylethanolamine isolated from bovine chromaffin granules was determined. 2. Total phospholipids are relatively rich in plasmalogens. Phosphatidylethanolamine is also rich in plasmalogen whereas lecithin contains less. Unsaturated fatty acids comprise about 60% of the total fatty acids in both of the latter phospholipids. 3. The lysolecithin of chromaffin granules is characterised by a high content (77%) of saturated fatty acids and a very low content (4%) of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The major fatty acid is stearic acid. 4. The lysolecithin formed by the action of snake venom phospholipase A2 on lecithin isolated from chromaffin granules has a fatty acid composition very similar to that of the endogenous lysolecithin. 5. It is concluded that the lysolecithin in chromaffin granules is formed by the action of a phospholipase A2 on lecithin and is the 1-acyl isomer. Possible sub-cellular events involved in the formation of the lysolecithin are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Fettsäurezusammensetzung der Gesamtphospholipide und von Lecithin, Lysolecithin und Phosphatidyläthanolamin aus chromaffinen Granula des Rindernebennierenmarks wurde untersucht. 2. Die Gesamtphospholipide haben einen relativ hohen Gehalt an Plasmalogenen. Phosphatidyläthanolamin enthält viel Plasmalogen, während Lecithin weniger enthält. 60% der gesamten Fettsäuren in diesen beiden Phospholipiden sind ungesättigt. 3. Lysolecithin aus chromaffinen Granula zeigt charakteristischerweise einen hohen Gehalt (77%) an gesättigten Fettsäuren und einen sehr niedrigen (4%) an mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren. Stearinsäure ist die quantitativ wichtigste Fettsäure. 4. Lysolecithin, das aus Lecithin der chromaffinen Granula durch Inkubation mit Schlangengift-Phospholipase A2 erhalten wurde, hatte eine ähnliche Fettsäurezusammensetzung wie endogenes Lysolecithin. 5. Daraus wird gefolgert, daß Lysolecithin in den chromaffinen Granula durch die Wirkung einer Phospholipase A2 gebildet wird und als das 1-acyl Isomer vorliegt. Subcelluläre Vorgänge, die an der Bildung von Lysolecithin im Nebennierenmark beteiligt sein könnten, werden diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The relationships between charge carrier transport and breakdown mechanism are summarily discussed and essential aspects of the electric breakdown in solid polymer insulating materials, particularly the effect of defects on the field strength at breakdown and the life time characteristics, are considered. The most important polymers applied in cable insulation are characterized with respect to their parameters and their application facilities are explained.
    Notes: Die Zusammenhänge zwischen Ladungstransport- und Durchschlagmechanismen werden zusammenfassend eingeschätzt und wesentliche Aspekte des elektrischen Durchschlagverhaltens polymerer Feststoffisolierungen dargestellt. Dabei wird besonders auf den Einfluß von Fehlstellen, auf die Durchschlagfeldstärke und die Lebensdauerkennlinien eingegangen. Die für den Einsatz in der Kabelisoliertechnik wichtigsten Polymere werden bezüglich ihrer Materialkenndaten charakterisiert und ihr Einsatz in der Kabeltechnik erläutert. Ferner werden die Kenndaten wichtiger polymerer Dielektrika und die Vorteile und Grenzen ihres Einsatzes als Kondensatorfolie zusammengefaßt.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 7 (1973), S. 1007-1009 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In field desorption mass spectrometry it is in many cases more expedient to heat the field anode indirectly by i.r.-radiation instead of the usual method of electric heating to achieve higher relative molecular ion intensities.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976), S. 327-329 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The field desorption temperatures of some compounds are determined by indirect heating of the emitters. The temperatures thus obtained are lower, compared with those determined by other authors. The reasons for this deviation are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 413 (1975), S. 94-96 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and X-ray Investigation of Zinc Azide TrihydrateZn(N3)2 · 3 H2O has been crystallized from an aqueous solution of zinc azide. Single crystals, which are unstable in air, were investigated my means of x-ray techniques. The lattice parameters are: a = 9.95 Å, b = 5.94 Å, c = 14,30 Å, β = 134.55°, N = 4. Indexd powder pattern are listed.
    Notes: Zn(N3)2 · 3 H2O wurde aus wäßriger Zinkazidlösung hergestellt. Die röntgenographische Untersuchung der an Luft unbeständigen Einkristalle ergab folgende Gitterkonstanten: a = 9,95 Å, b = 5,94 Å, c = 14,30 Å, β = 134,55°, N = 4. Indizierte Pulverdaten wurden tabelliert.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 6 (1972), S. 655-660 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of some amino acids have been studied using the field desorption method. All amino acids yield molecular or quasi-molecular ions, even in the case of arginine and cystine, where these ions cannot be detected with the electron-impact (EI) or chemical ionization (CI) methods. The fragmentation is reduced as compared to EI, CI and FI.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A low resolution, high sensitivity study has been made of the field desorption mass spectrum of glucagon, a 29 amino acid residue underivatized peptide. The highest molecular weight fragments observed, when spectra were taken under conditions which minimized surface reactions of the peptide on the emitter, were found to contain no more than 18 amino acid residues. The most probable fragmentation processes for ions larger than m/e 600 were the production of fragments containing 10, 11 or 12 amino acid residues.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 246-250 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Schallemissionsprüfung von Wärmetauschern des Reaktors SaphirDie Schallemissionsanalyse ist eine zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethode, die zur Untersuchung und Überwachung von Strukturen und druckführenden Komponenten verwendet wird. Das Ziel der Messung am 5 MW Forschungsreaktor Saphir war die Untersuchung und Auswertung der hohen Betriebsgeräusche in den Wärmetauschern des Kühl-systems.Die Ergebnisse zeigten, daß von den 9 Wärmetauschern, die in 3 Gruppen angeordnet sind, 5 Wärmetauscher ein hohes Betriebsgeräusch aufweisen. Die Ursache ist auf die Schwingung der Rohrbündel in Wärmetauschern beim Durchfluß des Pool-Wassers zurückzuführen. Die axiale Ortung bestätigte, daß die Geräusche von mehreren Quellen verursacht werden.
    Notes: The acoustic emission technique is a non-destructive testing method used for inspection and surveillance of structures and pressurized components. In particular, the purpose of the measurement on the 5 MW research reactor SAPHIR was to investigate and evaluate the abnormally high noise levels during operation of the heat exchangers of the cooling system.The results showed that 5 heat exchangers out of the total of 9 (assembled in 3 groups) were responsible for the higher noise level. This is probably due to some abnormal vibration of the tube bundles therein, caused by the through-flow of the pool water. Indeed, attempts of localizing the source showed that there must be several, distributed sources.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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