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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Copper ; Trinuclear complexes ; Formamidines ; Magnetism ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three new copper(II) linear trinuclear compounds are reported, all of which were synthesized in-situ, with the general formula [Cu3(L)4](CF3SO3)2(Y)x, where L is the dehydronated ligand: N,N′-bis(pyridine-2-yl)formamidine (abbreviated as Hpdf), N,N′-bis(pyrimidine-2-yl)formamidine (abbreviated as Hpmf) and N,N′-bis(5-methylpyridine-2-yl)formamidine (abbreviated as Hmpdf), Y = EtOH or H2O and x = 0.5-1.5. The compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction, IR, LF, and EPR spectroscopy and by magnetic susceptibility down to 4 K. The structure of the compound [Cu3(pmf)4](CF3SO3)2(H2O)1/2 was determined by X-ray crystallography; it was found to crystallise in the triclinic space group P-1 with a = 8.529(5), b = 15.760(5), c = 19.639(5) Å, α = 101.793(5), β = 101.263(5), γ = 102.389(5)°, Z = 2. The structure [Cu-Cu-Cu angle 174.96(11)°] consists of four nearly flat molecules of the ligand, which contribute to the propeller-type structure around the Cu-Cu-Cu axis. A strong antiferromagnetic interaction between the CuII ions is observed with calculated J values, based on the Hamiltonian H = -2J(S1·S2 + S2·S3) - 2J′·S1·S3, of -174(1) cm-1, -120(1) cm-1, and -167(1) cm-1 for the compounds studied with L = pdf, pmf, and mpdf, respectively. These values are in agreement with an S = 1/2 ground state below temperatures of 120-160 K.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: microwaves ; glaucoma drugs ; primates ; corneal endothelium ; iris ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Previous studies in our laboratory have established that pulsed microwaves at 2.45 GHz and 10 mW/cm2 are associated with production of corneal endothelial lesions and with disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier in the non-human primate eye. In the study reported here we examined ocular damage in monkeys (M. mulatta and M. fascicularis) following topical treatment with one of two ophthalmic drugs (timolol maleate and pilocarpine) that preceded exposure to pulsed microwaves. Anesthetized monkeys were sham exposed or exposed to pulsed, 2.45 GHz microwaves (10 μs, 100 pps) at average power densities of 0.2, 1, 5, 10, or 15 mW/cm2 4 h a day for 3 consecutive days (respective SARs were 0.052, 0.26, 1.3, 2.6, and 3.9 W/kg). Immediately before microwave exposure, one or both eyes were treated topically with one drop of 0.5% timolol maleate or of 2% pilocarpine. Following administration of a drug, we observed a significant reduction in the power-density threshold (from 10 to 1 mW/cm2) for induction of corneal endothelial lesions and for increased vascular permeability of the iris. Diagnostic procedures (in vivo specular microscopy and fluorescein iris angiography) were performed following each exposure protocol. In addition, increased vascular permeability was confirmed with horseradish peroxidase tracer techniques. Although we did not measure intraocular temperatures in experimental animals, the results suggest that a mechanism other than significant heating of the eye is involved. Our data indicate that pulsed microwaves at an average SAR of 0.26 W/kg, if administered after pretreatment with ophthalmic drugs, can produce significant ocular effects in the anesthetized primate. 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 13 (1992), S. 131-146 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: microwaves ; cell membrane ; order ; melanin ; oxygen radicals ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The treatment of a B16 melanoma cell line with 2.45-GHz pulsed microwaves (10 mW/cm2, 10-μs pulses at 100 pps, 1-h exposure; SAR, 0.2 W/kg) resulted in changes of membrane ordering as measured by EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) reporter techniques. The changes reflected a shift from a more fluid-like phase to a more solid (ordered) state of the cell membrane. Exposure of artificially prepared liposomes that were reconstituted with melanin produced similar results. In contrast, neither B16 melanoma cells treated with 5-Bromo-2-Deoxyuridine (3 μg/day × 7 days) to render them amelanotic, nor liposomes prepared without melanin, exhibited the microwave-facilitated increase of ordering. Inhibition of the ordering was achieved by the use of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which strongly implicates oxygen radicals as a cause of the membrane changes. The data indicate that a significant, specific alteration of cell-membrane ordering followed microwave exposure. This alteration was unique to melanotic membranes and was due, at least in part, to the generation of oxygen radicals. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 547-549 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Copper ; Trinuclear ; Formamidines ; Magnetism ; Crystal structure ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In situ reaction of CuII triflate with aminopyridine or aminopyrimidine and triethylorthoformate in ethanol results in unique linear trinuclear CuII complexes with the general formula [Cu3(L-)4](CF3SO3)2(EtOH)x (L = dehydronated ligand N,N′-bis(pyridine-2-yl)formamidine or the new ligand N,N′-bis(pyrimidine-2-yl)formamidine). The structure [Cu-Cu-Cu angle 175.19(2)°] consists of four nearly flat molecules of the ligand which contribute to the propeller-type structure around the Cu-Cu-Cu axis. A strong antiferromagnetic interaction between the CuII ions is observed, resulting in an S = 1/2 ground state below 100 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Crystal structures ; Nickel complexes ; Dinuclear complexes ; Magnetism ; Far-infrared ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ligand bis(2-benzimidazolyl)propane coordinates to NiII with chloride as an anion, thereby forming a dinuclear compound with the formula: [NiCl2(tbz)2]2(C2H6O)2. This compound crystallizes in the space group P21/c. Each five-coordinated NiII ion has a distorted trigonal bipyramidal environment which consist of two asymmetrically bridging Cl anions with distances of 2.3556(17) and 2.4275(16) Å, a terminal Cl anion with a distance of 2.3496(17) Å and two nitrogen atoms of the ligand with distances of 2.022(4) and 2.000(4) Å. The Ni-Ni distance is 3.5891(12) Å, while the Ni-Cl-Ni angle is 97.23(6)°. The magnetic properties of the compound, as studied in the range 5-280 K, have been fitted with a zero-field splitting parameter D (-14.3 cm-1) and a ferromagnetic exchange between the Ni ions in the dinuclear unit (J = +2.5 cm-1). The title compound appears to be the second example for a five-coordinated ferromagnetic dinuclear NiII compound of this type, and its magnetic properties appear to correlate with the ligand structure. With the availability of an increasing number of examples of such species it appears that antiferromagnetic exchange is found for all cases with the chromophore N2ClNiCl2NiClN2 where the MN2 ring is 5-membered. In the case, where this ring is six-membered, the exchange is ferromagnetic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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