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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Keywords: Esophageal cancer ; Transthoracic esophagectomy ; Mediastinal lymphadenectomy ; Delayed reconstruction ; Blunt esophageal dissection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 82 consecutive patients with esophageal cancer (90% squamous cell carcinoma, 10% adenocarcinoma) transthoracic “en bloc” esophagotomy with regional lymphadenectomy was performed. The reconstruction with gastric interposition was carried out with delayed urgency in a second operation 48–72 h after the initial procedure. The results of this group were compared to a group of 65 patients who had transmediastinal esophagectomy without thoractotomy and mediastinal as well as suprapancreatic lymphadenectomy and immediate reconstruction by gastric interposition. The number of postoperative risk situations concerning cardiopulmonary features were comparable in both groups. The 30-day mortality rate and postoperative morbidity was not significantly different between both patient groups (mortality rate: transthoracic: 6.6%, transmediastinal: 7.7%). The advantages of a 2-stage procedure are that esophagectomy and especially mediastinal lymphadenectomy can be performed precisely without time pressure. After 2 days the stomach is hypotonic and dilated as a result of truncal vagotomy and can easily be elevated to the neck. The interval of 48–72 hours was chosen because the postoperative right-to-left shunt has nearly normalized after this time period. En bloc esophagectomy and reconstruction with delayed urgency can be performed without disadvantages compared to a 1-stage procedure. It can especially be recommended for operations in which esophagectomy and mediastinal lymphadenectomy are difficult and wearisome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Keywords: Barrett's esophagus ; Gastroesophageal reflux ; Adenocarcinoma ; High grade dysplasia ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Barrett's esophagus (i.e. columnar epithelial metaplasia in the distal esophagus) is an acquired condition that in most patients results from chronic gastroesophageal reflux. It is a disorder of the white male in the Western world with a prevalence of about 1/400 population. Due to the decreased sensitivity of the columnar epithelium to symptoms, Barrett's esophagus remains undiagnosed in the majority of patients. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with Barrett's esophagus has a more severe character and is more frequently associated with complications as compared with reflux patients without columnar mucosa. This appears to be due to a combination of a mechanically defective lower esophageal sphincter, inefficient esophageal clearance function, and gastric acid hypersecretion. Excessive reflux of alkaline duodenal contents may be responsible for the development of complications (i.e., stricture, ulcer, and dysplasia). Therapy of benign Barrett's esophagus is directed towards treatment of the underlying reflux disease. Barrett's esophagus is associated with a 30- to 125-fold increased risk for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. The reasons for the dramatic rise in the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma, which occurred during the past years, are unknown. High grade dysplasia in a patient with columnar mucosa is an ominous sign for malignant degeneration. Whether an esophagectomy should be performed in patients with high grade dysplasia remains controversial. Complete resection of the tumor and its lymphatic drainage is the procedure of choice in all patients with a resectable carcinoma who are fit for surgery. In patients with tumors located in the distal esophagus, this can be achieved by a transhiatal en-bloc esophagectomy and proximal gastrectomy. Early adenocarcinoma can be cured by this approach. The value of multimodality therapy in patients with advanced tumors needs to be shown in randomized prospective trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 69 (1998), S. 132-140 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Gastroesophageal reflux disease ; Antireflux surgery ; Nissen fundoplication ; Barrett's esophagus ; Peptic strictures. ; Schlüsselwörter: Gastrooesophageale Refluxkrankheit ; Antirefluxchirurgie ; Nissen-Fundoplicatio ; Barrett-Oesophagus ; peptische Stenose.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. In der westlichen Welt ist die gastrooesophageale Refluxkrankheit die häufigste gutartige Erkrankung des oberen Gastrointestinaltrakts. Die Akuttherapie der gastrooesophagealen Refluxkrankheit ist heute eine unumstrittene Domäne der Protonenpumpenhemmer. Jedoch kommt es bei bis zu 50 % der betroffenen Patienten nach Absetzen der Medikation innerhalb weniger Tage zu einem Rezidiv der Erkrankung, so daß häufig eine Dauertherapie erforderlich wird. Bei diesen Patienten stellt die laparoskopische Fundoplicatio eine attraktive und kosteneffektive therapeutische Alternative zur medikamentösen Langzeittherapie dar. Dementsprechend ist jeder Patient mit persistierender oder rezidivierender Oesophagitis und/oder Refluxsymptomatik, der auf eine medikamentöse Langzeittherapie angewiesen ist, auch ein potentieller Kandidat für die laparoskopische Antirefluxchirurgie. Eine Indikation zur Fundoplicatio besteht vor allem dann, wenn es sich um einen jungen Patienten handelt, wenn eine medikamentöse Dauertherapie aufgrund von Nebenwirkungen nicht möglich ist oder wenn Bedenken über die Langzeitsicherheit der verfügbaren medikamentösen Alternativen bestehen. Eine sorgfältige Selektion der Patienten, die objektive Dokumentation der gastrooesophagealen Refluxkrankheit mittels 24-Std-pH-Metrie und eine gewissenhafte Beachtung der technischen Details des operativen Eingriffs stellen die Schlüssel zum Erfolg der Antirefluxchirurgie dar.
    Notes: Summary. In the Western world gastroesophageal reflux disease constitutes the single most common benign disorder of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Current medical therapy with proton pump inhibitors allows physicians to provide complete symptom relief and healing of acute esophageal mucosal injury in practically all affected patients. However, up to 50 % of patients require maintenance therapy to prevent relapse. In these patients laparoscopic antireflux surgery offers an attractive and cost-effective alternative to potentially life-long medical therapy. Consequently, every patient with persistent or recurrent symptoms and/or complications of gastroesophageal reflux who depends on maintenance medical therapy to remain in remission is a potential candidate for laparoscopic antireflux surgery, particularly if of young age, suffering from side effects of medical therapy or worrying about long-term safety of the conservative treatment alternatives. A careful selection of patients, objective documentation of gastroesophageal reflux disease by 24-h esophageal pH monitoring, and meticulous attention to the technical details of the procedure are essential for a successful outcome of antireflux surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 372 (1987), S. 924-924 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Esophageal carcinoma ; En-bloc esophagectomy ; Mediastinal lymphadenectomy ; Esophagogastrostomy ; Oesophaguscarcinom ; En-bloc-Oesophagektomie ; Mediastinale Lymphadenektomie ; Oesophago-Gastrostomie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Film zeigt die Technik der en-bloc-Oesophagektomie beim Oesophaguscarcinom. Bei dieser Operationstechnik werden der Oesophagus nebst angrenzendem mediastinalem Lymph- und Fettgewebe inclusive der V. azygos und des Ductus thoracicus entfernt. Diese Ausräumung des Mediastinums führt zu einer mediastinalen Lymphadenektomie. Zusätzlich werden Ausmass und Technik der abdominellen Lymphadenektomie gezeigt. Die Rekonstruktion der Speisepassage erfolgt durch Mageninterposition mit cervicaler Oesophago-Gastrostomie.
    Notes: Summary The film shows the technique of en-bloc esophagectomy in esophageal carcinoma. With this surgical technique it is possible to resect the esophagus with the surrounding lymphatic and fatty tissue, including the azygos vein and the thoracic duct. This mediastinectomy leads to a regional lymphadenectomy. In addition, the extent and technique of abdominal lymphadenectomy are also shown. Reconstruction of the food passageway is done by gastric interposition with cervical esophagogastrostomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 373 (1988), S. 367-376 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Esophageal cancer ; En bloc esophagectomy ; Mediastinal lymphadenectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die en-bloc Oesophagektomie erfaßt neben der Entfernung der Speiseröhre die mediastinale Lymphadenektomie incl. der Resektion von V. azygos und Ductus thoracicus. Zusätzlich beinhaltet sie die suprapankreatische abdominelle Lymphadenektomie und bei oberhalb der Trachealbifurkation gelegenen Tumoren auch die cervicale Lymphadenektomie. Die Operationstechnik kann als ausgereift und standardisiert angesehen werden. Mögliche Komplikationen sind Nachblutungen (3,3%), Chylothorax (1,6%) und Trachealäsionen (4,9%). Die Letalität liegt in erfahrenen Zentren unter 10%, im eigenen Krankengut bei 6,6%. Die en-bloc Oesophagektomie ermöglicht ein exaktes Staging des Oesophaguscarcinoms, führt in einem hohen Prozentsatz zur kompletten Tumorentfernung (R0-Resektion) und scheint die Prognose früher Tumorstadien (T1/2 N0/1) zu verbessern.
    Notes: Summary En-bloc esophagectomy not only comprises the elimination of the esophagus but also the mediastinal lymphadenectomy and the resection of the azygos vein and thoracic duct. Additionally the suprapancreatic abdominal lymphadenectomy is included and in tumors located orally of the tracheal bifurcation also the cervical lymphadenectomy. The surgical technique can be estimated as fully developed and standardized. Possible complications are postoperative hemorrhage (3.3%), chylothorax (1.6%) and tracheal lesions (4.9%). The mortality rate ranges under 10% in experienced centers, in our own patients around 6.6%. With en-bloc esophagectomy an exact staging of esophageal cancer becomes possible. In a high percentage complete tumor elimination (R0-resection) can be achieved and it seems that herewith prognosis in early tumor stages (T1/2 N0/1) can be improved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 369 (1986), S. 217-223 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Barrett's esophagus ; Precancerous stage ; Risk factors ; Indication ; Endobrachyoesophagus ; Precanceroue ; Risikofaktoren ; Indikation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Endobrachyoesophagus ist eine Präcancerose, da in etwa 15 der Fälle eine maligne Entartung auftritt. Nach prospektiven Studien liegt das Risiko einer Carcinomentwicklung 30- bis 42mal höher als bei der Normalbevölkerung. Risikofaktoren für die maligne Degeneration sind Alkohol- und Nicotinabusus, chronischer gastro-oesophagealer Reflux, Zugehörigkeit zur weißen Rasse und zum männlichen Geschlecht. Eine Indikation zur Antirefluxchirurgie besteht nur beim Endobrachyoesophagus mit florider Reflux-oesophagitis. Der blande Endobrachyoesophagus bedarf einer endoskopischen Kontrolle. Das Adenocarcinom des Endobrachyoesophagus ist als Speiseröhrencarcinom anzusehen und kann wegen der vorwiegend aboralen Metastasierung durch transmediastinale Oesophagektomie behandelt werden.
    Notes: Summary Barrett's esophagus is a precancerous stage as a malign degeneration occurs in about 15 %. According to prospective studies the risk of development of cancer is 30 to 42 times higher than in the normal population. Risk factors for malign degeneration, which mostly concerns white males, are abuse of alcohol or nicotine and chronic gastroesophageal reflux. Antireflux surgery is only indicated in Barrett's esophagus in combination with active reflux esophagitis. The uncomplicated Barrett's esophagus should be controlled by endoscopy. The adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus has to be considered as an esophageal carcinoma. Due to its metastatic spread in mostly aboräl direction it can be treated by blunt dissection of the esophagus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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