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  • Metoclopramide  (1)
  • PREVALENCE  (1)
  • Phase transitions  (1)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of extinction, pimozide, SCH 23390, and metoclopramide on food-rewarded operant responding of rats (1987)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 92 (1987), S. 343-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Extinction ; Pimozide ; SCH 23390 ; Metoclopramide ; Reward ; Dopamine ; D1 receptors ; D2 receptors ; Variable interval schedule ; Rats
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The similarity in the pattern of responding produced by extinction and dopamine (DA) receptor blockers has led to the suggestion that DA neurons may participate in the usual effects of reward on behaviour. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of receptor-subtype specific DA antagonists on food-rewarded operant responding. Rats were trained to lever press for food on a variable interval 30-s schedule. They then received one of the following treatments prior to testing on the next 5 days: saline, nonreinforcement, the DA receptor blocker pimozide (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg), the D1 receptor blocker SCH 23390 (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 mg/kg), and the D2 receptor blocker metoclopramide (1.0, 5.0, 10.0 mg/kg). Nonreinforcement resulted in both intra- and intersession declines in responding. The drugs produced dose-dependent decreases in overall responding. Additionally, both doses of pimozide and the higher doses of SCH 23390 and metoclopramide altered intrasession patterns of responding when compared to saline, with their greatest effect being in the latter portion of the session. Intersession declines were seen with the highest doses of SCH 23390 and metoclopramide and control studies showed that these declines could not be attributed to a buildup of the drug with repeated dosing. It was concluded that both D1 and D2 receptors participate in the control of behaviour by reward.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210842
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure and phase transitions of a liquid crystalline polymer (1981)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 259 (1981), S. 875-884 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Schlagwort(e): Liquid crystalline polymer ; Structure ; Phase transitions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Für ein Seitenkettenpolymeres, das zusätzlich zum teilkristallinen Zustand und zur isotropen Schmelze einen flüssig-kristallinen Zustand aufweist, wurden die Strukturen und Texturen untersucht sowie thermodynamische Eigenschaften. Außerdem wurde die Kinetik der Phasenumwandlungen analysiert. Es zeigt sich, daß die Eigenschaften zwischen denen üblicher Polymerer und denen von niedrigmolekularen flüssigen Kristallen liegen. Insbesondere zeigte sich, daß die Beziehung zwischen molekularer Struktur und Textur von der bei niedrigmolekularen flüssigen Kristallen abweicht, und daß die Taktizität der Kette einen starken Einfluß auf die Eigenschaften nicht nur der kristallinen Phase sondern auch der flüssig-kristallinen Phase ausübt.
    Notizen: Summary The structures, textures as well as thermodynamic properties of a side chain polymer exhibiting a liquid crystalline phase in addition to a partially crystalline state and the isotropic fluid state were investigated. Furthermore the kinetics of phase transitions between these states were analyzed. It was found that the properties of this polymer are intermediate between that of low molecular weight liquid crystals and common polymers. In particular it was observed that the relation between the liquid crystalline texture and the structure is different from that of low molecular weight liquid crystals and that the properties of the crystalline and liquid crystalline state depend strongly on the tacticity of the polymer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01524808
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Differences Between Individuals with Self-Reported Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and IBS-Like Symptoms (1997)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 42 (1997), S. 2585-2590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Schlagwort(e): IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME ; PREVALENCE ; SELF-REPORTED SYMPTOMS
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Although there are several symptomclassification systems for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), for example, the Manning or Rome criteria, therehas been no previous research on how well theseclassifications correspond to each other or to personsdiagnosed with IBS. We examined data from the DigestiveDisorders Supplement of the 1989 National HealthInterview Survey (NHIS) to assess demographic,socioeconomic, and health status characteristics of two groupsof IBS sufferers — those who met the Manning orRome criteria and those who reported having IBS but didnot meet either criteria. The results showed that the overlap between estimates of IBS and personswith IBS-like symptoms depended on the definition ofIBS. There were socioeconomic differences between thetwo IBS groups and higher rates of functional orwork-related activity limitation and health care utilizationfor all IBS groups relative to US national averages. Insummary, these findings indicate that IBS affects alarge portion of the US population, regardless of the definition used to describe thecondition. Our results suggest that there is a largeundiagnosed population with numerous symptoms consistentwith IBS, but further research is required to determine the differences between people who do and donot seek care, their impact on the health care system,and future therapies to reduce symptomatology andsuffering.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018889318063
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