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  • 1
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Atomic emission detection ; Aqueous samples ; Solid-phase extraction ; Organophosphorus pesticides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary An on-line, solid-phase extraction gas chromatography atomic-emission detection (SPE-GC-AED) system has been set up using an on-column interface to transfer 100 μl of desorbing solvent to the GC part of the system. Analytical characteristics such as recovery, precision and linearity of calibration plots were comparable with those of the off-line combination of SPE-GC-AED using organophosphorus pesticides as test compounds. The fully on-line set-up causes a marked improvement in detection because of the quantitative transfer of the analytes from the SPE module to the GC: detection limits are as low as 5–20 ng l−1 for the analysis of 10 ml raw and spiked surface water samples using the phosphorus channel. Detection levels can be further enhanced by processing up to 100 ml samples. The integrated analytical system is robust. The potential of the on-line set up has been demonstrated for the analysis of surface water and waste water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography/gas chromatography ; Solid-phase extraction ; Empore® extraction disks ; Organophosphorus pesticides ; Nitrogen-phosphorus detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A fast and simple procedure for the analysis of aqueous samples by on-line membrane disk extraction and capillary gas chromatography (GC) is presented. As an example, organophosphorus pesticides are preconcentrated from aqueous samples on three 0.5 mm thick, 4.2 mm diameter extraction disks. The layers are dried by a stream of nitrogen (10–15 min; ambient temperature). Desorption of the analytes is carried out with ethyl acetate which is directly introduced into a retention gap under partially concurrent solvent evaporation conditions, using an early solvent vapour exit. The final analysis is carried out by GC with thermionic detection. The technique is applied to the determination of a series of organophosphorus pesticides in tap water and water from two European rivers. With a sample volume of only 2.5 ml, detection limits of 10–30 ppt are achieved in tap water and of 50–100 ppt in river water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Packed-capillary columns ; Modified mobile phases ; Thermionic detection ; Organophosphorus pesticides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Packed-capillary, supercritical fluid chromatography using carbon dioxide modified with methanol or 2-propanol as mobile phase, was coupled with a thermionic detector for phosphorus-selective detection. Optimum conditions for thermionic detection were established for a number of hydrogen flow rates by adjusting the air flow rate and bead position. Using the mentioned modifiers, a series of organophosphorus pesticides of varying polarity could be separated within 8 min. An optimum sensitivity of 55–128 fg P/s and linearity over four orders of magnitude were obtained. The detector showed good selectivity for phosphorus over carbon and nitrogen, viz., 9·104 g C/g P and 75 g N/g P, respectively. This was demonstrated by determining pesticides such as phoxim, dimethoate and azinphos-methyl in onion and tomato extracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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