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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of the calcium accretion rate of bone during immobilization in intact and thyroparathyroidectomized adult rats (1977)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 22 (1977), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: 45Calcium ; Immobilization ; Osteoporosis ; Parathyroid glands ; Thyroparathyroidectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In order to study the role played by the thyroid and the parathyroid glands in the development of osteoporosis induced by immobilization, 153 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats allocated in two groups were used. The animals of one group were thyroparathyroidectomized; those of the other group were left intact. Each group was then divided into two subgroups; in one the right hind leg of the animals were immobilized by an elastic adhesive bandage. The animals were observed for varying periods of time up to 16 weeks. Studies of bone mass and45Ca accretion rate of the right and left femur and tibia were performed in all animals. The results indicate that disuse osteoporosis occurs in rats in the virtual absence of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. The bone loss of the immobilized femur and tibia was less pronounced in thyroparathyroidectomized rats compared to intact rats. The uptake of45Ca in bone treated by immobilization as compared to the non-immobilized bone was found to be increased to the same proportion in thyroparathyroidectomized and in intact rats. The calcium-accretion rate of non-immobilized bone was lower in thyroparathyroidectomized than in intact rats. The observations indicate that in the rat the parathyroid and thyroid hormones influence the rate of bone turnover and thereby the rate of development of disuse osteoporosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010345
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on bone tissue in the rabbit: Studies on fracture healing, disuse osteoporosis, and prednisone osteoporosis (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 591-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Fracture ; (Glucocorticoid ; 1,25(OH)2D3 ; Osteoporosis ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A closed tibial fracture, which was controlled by an intramedullary stainless steel pin, was created in 16 rabbits. Eight rabbits were treated with 75 ng of 1,25(OH)2D3 daily as subcutaneous (s.c.) injections. After three weeks, the fractured tibia resisted a force of 101,7±21.0 Newtons in the control group and 57.3±8.0 Newtons in animals given 1,25(OH)2D3 (m±SE,P〈0.05). In another group of eight rabbits, the left hindleg was immobilized in a plastic splint. Four rabbits were given 75 ng of 1,25(OH)2D3/day s.c. and the effect of immobilization was studied on the calcaneus. Bone ash/cm3 of the calcaneus on the immobilized side was decreased by 11±2% in control rabbits and by 20±2% in the group treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 indicating a more advanced immobilization osteoporosis (m±SE,P〈0.05), which was also demonstrated by studies of bone density. Eighteen rabbits were used in a study of the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the development of prednisolone osteoporosis. The dose of prednisolone was 2.5 mg per day, given by the oral route. After four months, the density of the femur was 1.53±0.02 g/cm2 in control rabbits and 1.42±0.01 in prednisolonetreated animals (P〈0.01). In rabbits additionally given 1,25(OH)2D3, the mean value for bone density was further lowered (n.s.). It appears that 1,25(OH)2D3 exaggerates disuse osteoporosis and prednisolone osteoporosis and impairs fracture healing in rabbits. These results differ from what has been shown earlier with 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment in the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405372
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral 1,25(OH)2D3: An effective prophylactic treatment for glucocorticoid osteopenia in rats (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 107-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcium ; Glucocorticoid ; Vitamin D ; Osteoporosis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Eighty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were given a diet with either (a) 0.5% Ca and 0.6% P or (b) 0.01% Ca and 0.6% P. Osteopenia was created by adding prednisolone to the diet. The prophylactic effect of oral 1,25(OH)2D3 on the osteopenia was studied. It was found that prednisolone osteopenia in the rat was associated with defective Ca absorption. By giving an oral dose of 1,25(OH)2D3, it was possible to maintain normal Ca absorption during prednisolone treatment and to prevent the bone loss. No significant hypercalcemia or any kidney calcifications were seen. These results are in contrast to earlier findings, in which subcutaneous administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 failed to prevent prednisolone osteopenia because of its tendency to increase bone resorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405014
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined treatment with calcitonin and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 for osteoporosis in women (1993)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 53 (1993), S. 26-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcitonin ; Calcitriol ; Calcium ; Densitometry ; Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Twenty-two middle-aged women with severe osteoporosis were treated for 2 years with either 0.5 mg of synthetic human calcitonin subcutaneously three times per week combined with 0.5 μg of calcitriol and 0.5 g of calcium per day orally or calcium only. The treatment with calcitonin plus calcitriol (12 patients) resulted in a significantly increased calcium absorption rate. The mean values for serum phosphate did not change during the treatment period and the mean values did not differ between the treatment groups, but the serum calcium and urinary Ca/Cr ratio increased somewhat in the group given the combined treatment. There was no evidence that the combined treatment improved the bone density in this study. It is possible that calcitriol, instead of increasing the effect of calcitonin by suppression of the parathyroid, might have counteracted its effect by increasing the bone resorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01352011
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone density in medieval skeletons (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 355-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Anthropometry ; Archeology ; Bone density ; Densitometry ; Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We studied the most complete skeletons found in an excavation from the 14th and 15th century in central Stockholm. One hundred eighty-seven were from men and 156 from women: 241 individuals were estimated to be between 20 and 39 and 102 between 40 and 59 years old at death. We examined the bones radiographically and by dual photon absorptiometry. The bone mineral density (BMD) was similar to the finding in North America and Northern Europe today as was the relationship between men and women. However, there appeared to be a higher diaphyseal bone density in the lower extremities, especially in men. The femur score was higher and the BMD of the femoral and tibial shafts was higher than today. In the upper extremities the diaphyseal bone density was lower. Meema's index, as well as the metacarpal score, was smaller than in individuals in this century and the BMD of the humeral shaft was also lower than seen today. Overall, the metaphyseal bone density was similar to what we now consider normal; i.e., the mean BMD of the femoral neck was 0.96 g/cm2 in men and 0.90 g/cm2 in women and of the distal radius 0.43 and 0.32 g/cm2, respectively. The low diaphyseal density and in the upper extremities may be related to the nutritional status, whereas the greater need for walking and standing in the 14th and 15th century might have led to the high diaphyseal density in the lower extremities. There was no evidence of bone loss after 40 years of age in either sex in our study. The average expected lifespan for an adult individual was less than 50 years and we suggest that the relatively high bone density in the older age group may be due to selection of the most physically fit. The activity pattern, therefore, may be considered the most important determinant for the differences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301601
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 on osteoporosis in rats induced by oophorectomy (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 161-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Ovary ; Rat ; Vitamin D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Fifty adult female rats were used to study the effect of 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1α-OH-D3)on bone after oophorectomy. The experimental period was 6 months. At the end of the experiment the femurs and the tibias were investigated for bone mass and composition. Significant signs of osteopenia occurred as a result of oophorectomy. The treatment with 1α-OH-D3 induced only minor changes in blood chemistry but increased bone mass significantly. The findings support the view that 1α-OH-D3 may be a valuable tool in the treatment of osteoporosis resulting from ovarian insufficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441179
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