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  • Tetanus toxin  (14)
  • Palytoxin  (7)
  • Peptides  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 861 (1986), S. 165-176 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Erythrocyte membrane) ; (Na^+ + K^+)-ATPase ; Ligand binding ; Membrane permeability ; Ouabain ; Palytoxin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 649 (1981), S. 481-486 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Erythrocyte) ; Hemolysis ; K^+loss ; Palytoxin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 688 (1982), S. 486-494 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Erythrocyte) ; Amphotericin B ; Palytoxin ; Permeability
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 242 (1989), S. 245-248 
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: (Chromaffin cell) ; Exocytosis ; Light chain ; Streptolysin O ; Tetanus toxin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: (Aplysia) ; Central synapse ; Heavy chain ; Light chain ; Tetanus toxin ; Transmitter release
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: E. coli, Chromaffin cell ; Exocytosis ; Recombinant protein ; Site directed mutagenesis ; Tetanus toxin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 224-226 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Tetanus toxin ; botulinum toxin ; noradrenaline ; GABA ; brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rat brain homogenate was preloaded with [3H]noradrenaline or [3H]GABA and stimulated with high K+. Tetanus toxin and botulinum A neurotoxin partially prevent the evoked [3H]noradrenaline release in the same range of toxin concentrations starting below 10−10M. In contrast, release of γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) is much more sensitive to tetanus than to botulinum A toxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 343 (1991), S. 323-329 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Tetanus toxin ; Limited proteolysis ; Leucocytes ; Spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single-chain toxin was investigated in vitro and in vivo for limited proteolysis into the fully active two-chain toxin. Plasmin from serum, elastase and gelatinase from leucocytes, as well as clostripain from C. histolyticum cleaved single-chain toxin and increased by that way its ability to inhibit [3H]noradrenaline release in vitro. Cultured mouse brain generated fragments from 125I-single-chain toxin which were cell-associated. Some of them comigrated in electrophoresis with light and heavy chain after mercaptolysis. When injected i. v. into rats, 125I-single-chain-toxin disappeared from the blood with a half-life of about 11 h without signs of nicking. However, after its injection into the triceps surae muscle both single- and two-chain toxin were found in the ipsilateral ventral horn of the spinal cord. Thus single-chain toxin is subjected to limited proteolysis by enzymes involved in tissue damage, by cultured brain tissue, and during or after its retrograde axonal transport to the spinal cord. Limited proteolysis is necessary for the release of the light chain known to mediate the action of toxin on several systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 264 (1969), S. 172-186 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Bovine Serum ; Kininogen ; Peptides ; Enzymes ; Structure Evaluation ; Rinderserum ; Kininogen ; Peptide ; Enzyme ; Struktur-aufklärung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Rinderserum ergab beim Umsatz mit Pepsin niedermolekulare, kininliefernde Spaltstücke. Das durch Fällung, Verteilung, Gelfiltration und Jonenaustausch-Chromatographie vorgereinigte Hydrolysat ließ sich durch Papierchromatographie in 2 Fraktionen trennen, auf die sich die kininliefernde Gruppierung im Verhältnis 5∶1 verteilte. 2. Beide kininliefernde Fraktionen waren resistent gegen Carboxypeptidase B, was gegen eine C-terminale Position der Kininsequenz spricht. Sie waren aktivierbar durch Trypsin, Pankreaskallikrein und auch Carboxypeptidase A. Trypsin in höherer Konzentration entwickelte aus der Hauptfraktion (L) Bradykinin, während mit Pankreaskallikrein, Carboxypeptidase A und kleinen Trypsinmengen Met-Lys-Bradykinin entstand. Die „direkte“ Aktivität der Fraktionen am Meerschweinchenileum lag bei maximal 1–2% der „indirekten“. 3. Aus der chromatographisch langsameren Hauptfraktion (L) wurde hoch-spannungselektrophoretisch ein einheitliches Minimalsubstrat für Kininogenasen isoliert. In seiner Aminosäurenanalyse entsprach es dem aus gereinigtem Rinderserum-Kininogen isolierten Hauptpeptid PKFL; auch beim Edman-Abbau ergaben sich keine Unterschiede. 4. Die früher für gereinigtes Kininogen beschriebenen Sequenzen sind also auch für Gesamtserum repräsentativ. Hinweise auf andersartige Peptide, insbesondere auf solche mit der Kininsequenz in C-terminaler Position, ergaben sich nicht.
    Notes: Summary 1. Peptic treatment of bovine serum produced kinin yielding substances of low molecular weight. The hydrolyzate was purified by precipitation, partition, gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Subsequent paper chromatography revealed two fractions with a 5∶1 distribution of the kinin-yielding property. 2. Both kinin-yielding fractions were resistant to carboxypeptidase B, a finding which argues against a C-terminal position of the kinin sequence. They could be activated by trypsin, pancreatic kallikrein, and carboxypeptidase A. Higher concentrations of trypsin released bradykinin from the main fraction (L), whereas pancreatic kallikrein, carboxypeptidase A and low amounts of trypsin produced met-lysbradykinin. The “direct” activity of the fractions as measured on the guinea pig ileum was no more than 1–2% of the “indirect” activity. 3. A homogeneous minimal substrate was isolated from the chromatographically slower fraction L by high voltage electrophoresis. With respect to amino acid analysis and Edman degradation, it could not be distinguished from the peptide PKFL isolated from purified bovine kininogen. 4. Therefore, the sequences described previously in purified kininogen are also representative for whole serum. Evidence for different peptides, especially with the kinin sequence in C-terminal position, was not found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 311 (1980), S. 33-40 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Tetanus toxin ; Botulinum toxin ; Neuromuscular junction ; Calcium ; Neuraminidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The blocking effect of tetanus toxin on the neuromuscular junction of the mouse phrenic nervehemidiaphragm preparation exposed to the toxin (0.05–20 μg/ml) in the organ bath was studied and compared with the action of botulinum A toxin. 2. The time course of the paralysis of the diaphragm could be divided into a latent and a manifest period. Still during the latent period the effect of the toxin became progressively resistant to washing and, with some delay, to antitoxin. 3. Between 25 and 41°C the time until paralysis strongly depended on temperature with Q 10 of about 2.7. 4. Procedures increasing the transmitter release shortened, and procedures depressing it prolonged the time until paralysis. 5. 4-Aminopyridine and guanidine temporarily restored the contraction of the partially paralyzed diaphragm, indicating the persistence of activatable calcium and acetylcholine pools. Raising the external Ca2+-concentration and application of the Ca-Ionophore A 23187 were ineffective in the doses applied. 6. About 80 min after exposure to the toxin (10 μg/ml), the m.e.p.p. activity decreased by a factor of 30. Parallel to this, paralysis of nerve evoked muscle contraction developed. 7. Neuraminidase treatment did not prevent tetanus toxin poisoning. 8. The paralysis is produced by tetanus toxin itself and not by contaminants as shown by the parallel decrease of toxicity and paralysis following treatment with either antitoxin or brain homogenate, or by the use of spontaneously inactivated toxin. 9. Tetanus toxin was compared with botulinum A toxin as to the shape of its dose-response curve, time course of paralysis, temporary reversal by 4-aminopyridine and behaviour against Ca-ionophore. In any case, both toxins were indistinguishable, albeit botulinum A neurotoxin was calculated to be about 2000 times more potent than tetanus toxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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