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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of pastoral fallow on plant root growth and soil physical and chemical characteristics in a hill pasture (1997)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 197 (1997), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: air permeability ; hydraulic conductivity ; pastoral fallow ; root biomass ; soil moisture ; soil nutrient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pastoral fallowing over a growing season (October–May) has a profound effect on standing biomass and sward structure, and should have an impact on below ground plant growth and soil biological activities. Two field studies were conducted to compare the effects of pastoral fallow with rotational grazing on root growth and soil physical and chemical properties. Root growth and distribution was altered by pastoral fallowing and there was significantly (P 〈 0.01) less root biomass at 0–50 mm depth of soil in the fallowed sward than the grazed sward. Compared with the grazed treatment, pastoral fallow increased soil air permeability at 500 mm tension by 38%, saturated hydraulic conductivity by 26%, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at 20 mm tension by 67% and soil moisture by 10–15%, and reduced soil bulk density by 11%. Fallowing had little effect on soil nutrients both at the end of fallowing, except for small reductions in K and Mineral N levels at 0–75 mm soil depth, and two to three years after fallowing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004249613045
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional interpretation of archaeobotanical data: Making hay in the archaeological record (1999)
    Springer
    Vegetation history and archaeobotany 8 (1999), S. 261-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-6278
    Keywords: Hay ; Meadow ; Pasture ; Archaeobotany ; Europe ; Farming history
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Archaeology , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hay malting and hay meadows have long been of fundamental ecological, economic and social importance in temperate Europe. A variety of archaeological sources suggests that hay making may date back to the Iron Age, but direct archaeobotanical evidence for this practice is problematic. Past grassland communities are imperfectly represented and preserved in archaeobotanical assemblages, and ancient meadow and pasture communities may not resemble present-day communities in terms of management practices or botanical composition. This paper explores the potential of ‘FIBS’ (Functional Interpretation of Botanical Surveys) in the archaeobotanical investigation of ancient grassland management. The botanical composition of present-day grassland communities was analysed in terms of functional attributes (e.g. canopy height) relevant to cutting, grazing and habitat productivity. The utility of these attributes for distinguishing between present-day meadow, pasture and unmanaged grassland communities has been evaluated. Similar analyses were performed on archaeobotanical data from Neolithic to post-Medieval northwestern and central Europe. Functional shifts over time, interpreted in the light of the functional analysis of modern grassland, suggest that hay-making was well established by the Iron Age. Avenues are suggested for the refinement and further development of the FIBS methodology in the archaeobotanical investigation of grassland management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01291778
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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