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  • Osteologie  (2)
  • Pharmacokinetics  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 144 (1986), S. 532-538 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Cephalosporins ; Specific uses ; Pharmacokinetics ; Microbiologic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cephalosporins have been available for clinical use for nearly 20 years and a large number is presently marketed, including drugs with a wide range of different pharmaokinetic and microbiologic properties. While some of these agents have certain specific uses in which they excel, the cephalosporins have not replaced older antibiotics but do provide the physician with a broader range of choices for the treatment of many infections, allowing greater individualization of therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 233-239 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Pharmacokinetics ; computational aids ; mathematical models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A slide rule has been devised which is based on the general mathematical models of pharmacokinetics. It permits calculation of exact dosage regimens for individual patients from certain basic parameters. First, from the patient's renal clearance, the proportionality constant characterizing renal excretion of a certain drug (a) and its non-renal rate constant of elimination (k nr), the rate constant of total elimination (k e) can be calculated. Second, fromk e, the apparent volume of distribution (V d) and the desired final mean concentration of a drug (c∞), exact values can readily be obtained for the loading dose (D*) and the dosage schedule, which consists of the maintenance dose (D), the dosing intervals (τ) and the infusion rate for intravenous administration. In addition the slide rule provides information about the rate at which c∞ is reached ifD alone is administered at τ, and the fluctuation in the concentration around c∞ to be anticipated during τ. By use of this calculation, the slide rule facilitates the decision whether a loading dose should be given, and what dosage schedule is best suited to the therapeutic problem. It is possible, therefore, to calculate exact dosage regimens for individual patients, even for those with excretory dysfunction. The slide rule should also help physicians to comprehend the nature and significance of pharmacokinetic mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 67 (1970), S. 170-174 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Identifikationsmerkmale ; Osteologie ; Processus mastoideus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 105 Individuen, 61 männlichen und 44 weiblichen, wird die Behauptung eines Geschlechtsdimorphismus hinsichtlich der Höhe und Größe der Processus mastoidei statistisch nachgeprüft. Für die mediale und laterale Fortsatzhöhe lassen sich keine signifikanten Mittelwertsdifferenzen aufzeigen. Zudem ist die Varianz der Kollektive so groß, daß der Proc. mastoid. als Identifikationsmerkmal ausscheidet. Die gefundene Mittelwertsdifferenz der Größe der Fortsätze, hier durch die äußere Fläche ausgedrückt, läßt sich statistisch eindeutig sichern. Dies entspräche der Vorstellung einer Kausalbeziehung zwischen Ausbildung und Insertion der seitlichen Halsmuskulatur einerseits und Größe bzw. Volumen der Fortsätze andererseits.
    Notes: Summary The supposition regarding sex-linked differences in height and surface area of the mastoid process was tested in 105 human skulls, 61 of which were male and 44 were female. There was no statistically significant difference noted in the mean values of the lateral and medial measurements of the processes from both sexes. Some significance, however, was noted in the measurement of the surface area. This may be associated with the insertion of stronger lateral neck-musculature, as is isually the case in males.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 67 (1970), S. 175-183 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Osteologie ; Identifikation ; Pneumatisation Warzenfortsatz ; Altersbestimmung ; Geschlechtsbestimmung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Pneumatisation von 91 Warzenfortsätzen erwachsener Menschen wird mittels Röntgendensitometrie in bezug auf Alters-, Geschlechts-, Seiten- und Volumen-abhängigkeit untersucht. Dabei läßt sich nur eine geringe Abhängigkeit (10%) vom Volumen des Proc. mastoid. feststellen. In der Literatur wird ein Zusammenwirken multipler Faktoren bei der Pneumatisation des Warzenfortsatzes angenommen, wobei die Größe des Muskelhöckers von funktionellen, hormonellen und hereditären Faktoren beeinflußt werden soll. Zum Teil wird auch die Meinung vertreten, daß sein mechanisch entlasteter Innenraum je nach der „Kraft der Schleimhaut“ entweder von dieser oder von spongiösem Knochen in der Art einer „Verdrängungsreaktion“ ausgefüllt wird. Als Merkmal zur Individualidentifikation ist die Pneumatisation des Mastoides aufgrund unterschiedlicher, individualspezifischer Ausformung der Cellulae durchaus geeignet; eine Alters- und Geschlechtsidentifikation unbekannter Einzelstücke ist jedoch nicht möglich.
    Notes: Summary X-ray densitometry of 91 adult mastoid processes and their relationships to sex and age as well as to the volume of the processes was carried out. No relationship to age or sex could be determined, however, a small correlation with the volume (10%) was ascertained. The pneumatization of the mastoid process supposedly depends on multiple factors, particularly functional, hormonal and hereditary. Some, however, believe that mucous membrane or spongious bone occupy the inner spaces of the process, depending on a mutual “displacement reaction”. The mastoid process is suitable for individual identification on the basis of the specific structure of its air spaces. Age and sex determination is impossible using unknown single specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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